October 14, 1910] 



SCIENCE 



507 



pedition is at present at work, under the 

 leadership of Mr. Goodfellow. There has been 

 considerable activity in the exploration of 

 Dutch New Guinea recently by the Dutch 

 themselves, both from the south and from the 

 north. On November 28 Dr. Filippo de Fil- 

 ippi will lecture on some of the more impor- 

 tant results of the Duke of the Abruzzi's last 

 expedition to the Karakoram. No doubt one 

 of the most interesting papers of the session 

 will be that on December 19, by Dr. J. B. 

 Charcot, on the results of his recent Antarctic 

 expedition. Another paper of special interest 

 will be that of January 16, 1911, when Sir 

 John Murray and Dr. Hjort will give a de- 

 tailed account of the " Michael Sars " North 

 Atlantic deep-sea expedition. 



The Department of Agriculture has issued 

 a set of fifteen charts on the composition of 

 food materials; these charts are printed from 

 photo-lithographs in six colors, and show in 

 the case of each material the protein, fat, 

 carbohydrate, ash and water contents and the 

 fuel value expressed in calories. The per- 

 centage composition and fuel value are given 

 in figures and the relative proportion of each 

 constituent is represented graphically. For 

 example, in the case of whole milk a glass of 

 milk is shovra; 87 per cent, of the figure is 

 colored green to represent the water content, 

 3.3 per cent, red to represent the protein, 4 

 per cent, yellow to represent the" fat, 5 per 

 cent, blue to represent the carbohydrates and 

 0.7 per cent, drab to represent the ash content. 

 The fuel value of 310 calories per pound is 

 represented by printing in solid black nearly 

 one third of a square one inch on each edge, 

 since one square inch represents 1,000 calories. 

 The figures given for the percentage composi- 

 tion of the various materials are average, fig- 

 ures based upon as many analyses as are avail- 

 able in each case. The food materials shown 

 in tkese charts are as follows : 1, whole milk, 

 skim milk, buttermilk and cream; 2, whole 

 egg, egg (white and yolk), cream cheese and 

 cottage cheese; 3, lamb chop, pork chop, 

 smoked ham, beefsteak and dried beef; 4, cod 

 (lean fish), salt cod, oyster, smoked herring 

 and mackerel (fat fish) ; 5, olive oil, bacon, beef 



suet, butter and lard; 6, corn, wheat, buck- 

 wheat, oat, rye and rice; 7, white bread, whole 

 wheat bread, oat breakfast food (cooked), 

 toasted bread, corn, bread and macaroni; 8, 

 sugar, molasses, stick candy, maple sugar and 

 honey; 9, parsnip, onion, potato and celery; 

 10, shelled bean (fresh), navy bean (dry), 

 string bean (green) and corn (green) ; 11, 

 apple, dried fig, strawberry and banana; 12, 

 grapes (edible portion), raisins (edible por- 

 tion), grape juice (unfermented), canned 

 fruit and fruit jelly; 13, walnut, chestnut, 

 peanut, peanut butter and cocoanut. Chart 

 14 gives the functions and uses of food under 

 the headings, " Constituents of Food " and 

 " Uses of Food in the Body." Chart 15 shows 

 the dietary standard for a man in full vigor 

 at moderate muscular work and the estimated 

 amount of mineral matter required per man 

 per day. These charts are printed on sheets 

 21 by 27 inches of a good quality of paper, 

 and are for sale by the Superintendent of 

 Documents, Government Printing Ofiice, 

 Washington, D. C. The charts will be found 

 especially useful to instructors and students 

 in classes in physiology, domestic science and 

 other branches in which the food and nutri- 

 tion of man is studied, either in schools or 

 colleges or in clubs or similar organizations. 

 The annual report of the registrar-general 

 for Ireland, issued as a Blue-book and sum- 

 marized in the London Times, shows that the 

 excess of births over deaths in 1909 was 27,- 

 786, and that the loss by emigration amounted 

 to 28,676, which was greater by 5,381 than in 



1908, but less than the average number — 37,- 

 141— for the ten years 1899-1908. There 

 would, according to these figures, appear tu 

 have been a decrease of 890 persons in the year 



1909. With regard to immigration there is 

 no ofiicial record, nor does it enter into the 

 estimate of the population to the middle of 

 the year, which was 4,371,570 — an increase of 

 115 on the estimate for the previous year. 

 According to the last quarterly returns of the 

 registrar-general, the population of Ireland in 

 the middle of this year was 4,371,133. The 

 population has therefore been practically sta- 

 tionary for three years. The marriages regis- 



