November 4, 1910] 



SCIENCE 



637 



Matthews, Washington 

 Packard, Alpheus Spring 

 Prescott, Albert Benjamin 

 Warder, Robert Bowne 

 Wood, Edward Sticknet 



1906 

 Langley, Samuel Pierpont 

 MacCallum, John Bruce 

 Miller, Edmund Howd 

 Morgan, Andrew Price 

 Paulmier, Frederick Clark 

 Peirce, James Mills 

 Penfield, Samuel Lewis 

 Russell, Israel Cook 

 Sealer, Nathaniel Southgate 



1907 

 Atwater, Wilbur Olin 

 Caldwell, George Chapman 

 Carroll, James 

 Clark, Gatlobd Parsons 

 Gardiner, Edward Gardiner 

 Gatschet, Albert Samuel 

 Heilprin, Angelo 

 Newell, William Wells 

 Rees, John Krom 

 Batford, James Merrill 



1908 

 Anthony, William Arnold 

 Ashmead, William Harris 

 Austen, Peter Townsend 

 Brooks, William Keith 

 Davenport, George Edward 

 GiBBS, Oliver Wolcott 

 Johnson, Samuel William 

 ICellerman, William Ashbrook 

 Lee, Leslie Alexander 

 JIaschke, Heikrich 

 Mason, Otis Tufton 

 Snow, Francis Huntington 

 Underwood, Lucien Marcus 

 Whitehead, Cabell 

 Young, Charles Augustus 



1909 

 Dudley, Charles Benjamin 

 Harris, William Torrey 

 Hough, George Washington 

 Newcomb, Simon 

 Stearns, Robert Edwards Carter 

 Btringiiam, Washington Irving 

 TuTTS, Frank Leo 



Anthropology 



Zoology 



Chemistry 



Chemistry 



Chemistry 



Physics 



Anatomy 



Chemistry 



Botany 



Zoology 



Mathematics 



Mineralogy 



Geology 



Geology 



Chemistry 



Chemistry 



t'athology 



Physiology 



Zoology 



Anthropology 



Geology 



Anthropology 



Astronomy 



Geology 



Physics 



Zoology 



Chemistry 



Zoology 



Botany 



Chemistry 



Chemistry 



Botany 



Zoology 



Mathematics 



Anthropology 



Zoology 



Botany 



Chemistry 



Astronomy 



Chemistry 



Psychology 



Astronomy 



Astronomy 



Zoology 



Mathematics 



Physics 



The death rates for the six past years have 

 been 6, 9, 9, 10, 15 and 7, on the average 9.3 

 per thousand. The rates for those under and 

 over fifty, respectively, were approximately 3 

 and 21. The number of eases is too small for 

 reliable data, but they show a youthful scien- 

 tific population. In Great Britain there are 

 annually elected into the Royal Society fif- 

 teen new fellows, and a membership of about 

 450 is maintained. The death rate is conse- 

 quently over 30. It has been claimed that 

 scientific men live longer than the average, 

 and they probably do, but this can not be 

 proved from the age at which they die, unless 

 the age at which they become scientific men 

 is known. If, however, we assume that scien- 

 tific men live to the average age, we can from 

 the age at which they die determine the age at 

 which they become scientific men or reach a 

 given degree of eminence. 



In addition to those who died, there were 

 removed from the thousand nine foreign men 

 of science, who are no longer residents of the 

 United States, and one other man whose ad- 

 dress is unknovm. There would thus be 68 

 vacancies on the list of 1910 to be filled by 

 new men. In the order of the list, there is a 

 probable error which increases from about 10 

 places at the top to about 100 places at the 

 bottom. Consequently if the same scientific 

 men were rearranged under the same condi- 

 tions, each of those in the last hundred would 

 be subject to a chance of one in four or more 

 of being dropped from the list. In a general 

 way 37 from the last hundred, 15 from the 

 next to last, or ninth hundred, five from the 

 eighth hundred and one from the seventh 

 hundred — 58 in all — might be expected to 

 drop from the thousand as a result of rear- 

 rangement. 



Apart from the 68 who died or were re- 

 moved and the 58 changes due to a chance 

 variation, there were 143 on the list of 1903 

 who failed to find a place on the list of 1910. 

 These are the scientific men who did not main- 

 tain their positions in competition with their 

 colleagues. There were 269 who attained a 

 place on the list of 1910 for the first time. It 



