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SCIENCE 



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compare so unfavorably with Yale, or Minne- 

 sota with Wisconsin. 



Among the non-teaching institutions there 

 is the same direct correlation between the men 

 added and dropped. Institutions which have 

 a good record in one case have it also in the 

 other. It seems almost incredible that it 

 should be possible to measure the efficiency 

 with which an institution is conducted by 

 such simple means, yet the differences can not 

 be attributed to chance. The Carnegie Insti- 

 tution has the largest gains, though in view of 

 its resources and exemption from inherited 

 survivals, it does not compare favorably with 

 some universities. The Bureau of Standards, 

 the Philippine Islands Bureau of Science and 

 the Rockefeller Institute have done well. The 

 Department of Agriculture has lost about 

 twice as many men as it has gained and the 

 Smithsonian Institution with its dependent 

 bureaus about four times as many. 



Table III. gives the institutions at which 

 three or more of the 238 scientific men who 

 obtained a place on the list of 1910 received 

 their degrees. The table also gives data for 

 the 201 men who were dropped from the list. 

 Of 232 of the new men whose education is 

 known, all but 19 have the bachelor's degree 

 and all but 57 the doctorate of philosophy or 

 science. Some of those who did not receive 

 the bachelor's degree were educated abroad 

 and have its equivalent, and many of those 

 not holding the doctorate of philosophy are 

 doctors of medicine or have pursued univer- 

 sity studies. Among the 1,000 on the list of 

 1903, 758 are known to have received the 

 bachelor's degree and 544 the doctor's degree. 

 The percentage of those holding the bachelor's 

 degree has increased from 76 to 92, and of 

 those holding the doctor's degree from 54 to 

 75. Our educational methods are thus be- 

 coming more completely standardized or con- 

 ventionalized. The two men who stood first 

 on the list of 1903, Simon Newcomb and 

 William James, had neither the regular col- 

 lege nor the regular university education. 

 Whether this was favorable or harmful to 

 their genius is unknown ; but it is probable 



that our present educational methods do not 

 favor individuality and its early expression. 



Harvard stands very clearly in the lead in 

 its influence. Of the 232 men, 20 have re- 

 ceived from it their first degree and 27 the 

 doctorate of philosophy or science. Tale is 

 the only university in the same class with 

 Harvard as regards the bachelor's degree, and 

 Chicago and the Johns Hopkins are the only 

 ones as regards the doctor's degree. It is a 

 curious fact that while Columbia and Tale 

 have conferred in the past thirteen years about 

 the same number of doctorates in the natural 

 and exact sciences (189 and 179, respectively) 

 as have Chicago, the Johns Hopkins and Har- 

 vard (245, 220 and 178, respectively), each 

 can claim only about half as many of the new 

 men who have obtained places among the 

 thousand. Pennsylvania has the worst record 

 in this respect, having conferred 133 doctor- 

 ates and having only two doctors among the 

 men added to the list. The 13 men who re- 

 ceived the doctorate of philosophy from uni- 

 versities not given on the table received it 

 from 11 different institutions, and the 81 

 bachelors not accounted for on the table re- 

 ceived their degrees from no fewer than 70 

 colleges. 



The colleges of the state universities have 

 done better than those of the Atlantic sea- 

 board. Thus Michigan and Wisconsin have 

 each produced eight of the bachelors, while 

 Princeton and Amherst have produced three, 

 Dartmouth two and Williams one. In the 

 list of 1903, Princeton and Amherst each had 

 23 bachelors among 75S. The technical 

 schools of the east have been more productive 

 than the colleges; thus the Massachusetts In- 

 stitute has seven and Lehigh four of the new 

 men. Harvard, Tale and Cornell owe their 

 good record to their scientific and technical 

 courses. It is to be feared that the eastern 

 college with " its frivolous amateurism and 

 futile scholasticism " exerts influences actu- 

 ally prejudicial to the scientific career. 



Leipzig, Berlin, Gottingen and Heidelberg 

 are the four German universities which this 

 time as last have conferred the largest number 



