644 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXII. No. 827 



of degrees. Among 175 of the newer men 21 

 have received the doctorate of philosophy from 

 these four universities, whereas among 544 in 

 the list of 1903, 112 received it from the same 

 institutions. In about ten years the percent- 

 age of foreign degrees has decreased to nearly 

 one half, and it is in course of further reduc- 

 tion. The number of foreign men of science 

 educated abroad and coming to this country 

 has, as shown above, also decreased. In so 

 far as these changes are due to the improve- 

 ment of our universities and to the increase in 

 the number of native scientific men they are 

 gratifying. None the less there is an aspect 

 of the movement which is unpromising. It is 

 not desirable that we should become more 

 provincial than we are. 



The education is known of 200 of the 201 

 men who dropped from the list. About 25 

 per cent, of these fall out through the probable 

 error of arrangement, but in general they are 

 those who have failed to maintain their scien- 

 tific standing in competition with their col- 

 leagues. Twenty per cent, of those on the 

 list of 1903 were dropped from it; of those on 

 the list who hold the bachelor's degree 21 per 

 cent, were dropped, and of those who hold the 

 doctor's degree 17 per cent, were dropped. 

 Those holding the doctor's degree thus have a 

 small advantage; but this is only because the 

 younger men are more likely to have the doc- 

 tor's degree and at the same time more likely 

 to maintain their positions. 



Harvard had on the list of 1903, 106 of the 

 bachelors and 57 of the doctors. It has now 

 made a gain of three bachelors and 23 doctors. 

 Chicago has made a notable gain, having 

 added five of its bachelors and 27 of its doc- 

 tors to the list and having lost but one doctor. 

 Yale also has a good record, having increased 

 its bachelors by 10 and its doctors by 11. 

 The Johns Hopkins had 102 doctors on the 

 previous list, nearly twice as many as Harvard 

 and four times as many as Tale. It has lost 

 17 and added 22, and is thus still far in ad- 

 vance in the number of leading scientific men 

 for whom it has provided higher education. 

 Cornell has gained two bachelors and seven 



doctors. Columbia has added four bachelors 

 and has lost twice as many; it has added 14 

 doctors and has lost eight; thus it has gained 

 but two men on the list. The state universi- 

 ties, especially Wisconsin, have good records. 

 Princeton, Amherst, Syracuse and Pennsyl- 

 vania have lost more men than they have 

 gained. The German universities have done 

 well, having added more men than they have 

 lost, in spite of the fact that the number of 

 students studying in Germany has so greatly 

 decreased. These figures are in part acci- 

 dental, but they certainly throw a new light 

 on the standards and efiiciency of our uni- 

 versities. 



TABLE IV. DISTEIBUTION OF THE MEN ADDED AC- 



COEDING TO THEIE POSITIONS IN THE THOUSAND 



AND IN BELATION TO THEIE AGES 



Table IV. shows the distribution of the 238 

 new men among the twelve sciences in rela- 

 tion to their positions in the thousand and 

 the relation of their ages to the positions. 

 The additions to each science are in the 

 neighborhood of 25 per cent, and the depar- 

 tures from this average are within the limits 

 of chance variation, but only 14 per cent, of 

 the astronomers and 16 per cent, of the geol- 



