656 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXII. No. 



as to the necessity of putting the language of 

 ehemistiy in harmony with the actual state of the 

 science; but the unanimous opinion of the as- 

 sembly was that entire liberty in this respect was 

 indispensable to the progress of the science. In 

 defence of the views of Cannizzaro, however, it 

 may be said that even though views have consid- 

 erably changed and clarified since his time, and 

 although one is compelled to regard the types of 

 Gerhardt as insufficient from the modern point of 

 view, yet the general character and comprehensive 

 nature of Gerhardt's system leave little to be 

 desired, and Gerhardt's services to chemistry have 

 never been questioned. 



APPENDIX II 



LIST OF INTEBNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESSES 



EXCEPT CHEMISTET' 



Agriculture 



International Congress for Agriculture and For- 

 estry. Vienna, 1890. 



International Agricultural -Congress. The Hague, 

 1891. Seventh meeting: Wien, 1907. 



International Horticultural Society. Chicago, 

 1893. 



International Congress of Tropical Agriculture. 

 Paris, 1905; Brussels, 1910. 



International Institute of Agriculture. Rome. 



International Congress for Dairy Husbandry. 

 Fifth meeting: Stockholm, 1910. 



International Congress of the Sugar and Distillery 



> It is diificult to trace the careers of some of 

 the international congresses of science; the above 

 list is compiled more to indicate the extent to 

 which international science has been fostered, 

 rather than to serve as a record of the present 

 day. However, wherever the present status of the 

 various organizations is referred to in the jour- 

 nals of science, this is pointed out in the list. 

 In order to discriminate between an international 

 " conference " and " congress," the former term 

 has been held to imply in its strict sense a com- 

 mittee or delegate meeting. 



Various celebrations have really partaken of the 

 nature of distinct congresses; for example, the 

 International Celebration of the Jubilee of the 

 Coal Tar Industry at London in 1906. Still other 

 organizations have held or have initiated con- 

 gresses which have been more or less of an inter- 

 national nature, although limited to only certain 

 countries; for example, the Fifteenth Congress for 

 Wine Culture at Heilbroun in 1896. National 

 congresses are not given. 



Interests. Second meeting: Paris, 1908. 



Anatomy 

 International Congress of Anatomists. Geneva, 

 1905; Wurzburg, 1907. 



Anthropology 



Universal Races Congress. London, 1911. 



International Congress of the Ethnographic Sci- 

 ences. Paris, 1889, 1900. 



The Museums Association. Fourteenth Congress: 

 Aberdeen, 1903. 



International Reunion of Anthropologists. Col- 

 ogne, 1907. 



International Congress of Criminal Anthropolo^. 

 Cologne, 1911. 



Archeology 



International Congress of Prehistoric Archeology 

 and Zoology. Moscow, 1892. 



Congress of Archeological Societies. The ninth, 

 convention took place in London in 1897. 



International Congress of Anthropology and Pre- 

 historic Archeology. The fourteenth meeting 

 occurred in Dublin, in 1909. 



International Congress of Archeology. Second 

 meeting: Cairo, 1909. 



Arts 



International Literary Congress. 1878. 



International Literary and Artistic Congress. 

 Antwerp, 1885. 



International Shorthand Congress. Third meet- 

 ing: Munich, 1890. 



International Congress of Arts and Science. St. 

 Louis, 1904. 



International Society of Sculptors, Painters and 

 Gravers. 1909. 



Astronomy 



International Astronomical Association. Seventh 

 Congress: Budapest, 1898. 



International Geodetic Association. London, 

 1909; Brussels, 1910. 



International Union for Cooperation in Solar Re- 

 search. Oxford, 1905; Meudon, 1907; Mt. Wil- 

 son, 1910. 



Conference Astrophotographique Internationale de 

 Juillet. 1900. 



Congrfis International de Chronometrie. Paris, 

 1900. 



International Congress of Navigation. St. Peters- 

 burg, 1908. 



Botany 



International Botanical Congress. Vienna, 1905; 

 Berlin, 1906; Brussels, 1910. 



