December 30, 1910] 



SCIENCE 



953 



scale of salaries of the faculty of the college in all 

 its departments as now constituted, and as in- 

 creased later by the addition of tlie new professors 

 and instructors including a librarian. I wish 

 the trustees of the college to apportion the addi- 

 tional income received from the gift according to 

 the relative importance and value, in their best 

 judgment, of the services rendered in the different 

 chairs, with due regard to length of service and to 

 personal distinction. 



A Eeuter message from Kimberley states 

 that the De Beers Company has made a do- 

 nation of £25,000 towards the founding of a 

 Sonth African university. 



For the purpose of furthering the educa- 

 tional relations between Germany and the 

 United States, the announcement is made by 

 Dr. Ernest Richard, of Columbia University, 

 that a tour has been planned whereby Ameri- 

 can students can visit some of the leading 

 German universities and come in personal 

 contact with the German students and their 

 ways of living. The tentative itinerary, in 

 part, follows : Hamburg, Berlin, Leipzig, 

 Goslar, Harz, Jena, Weimar, Dresden, Prague, 

 Vienna, ISTuremberg, Munich, Zurich, Stras- 

 burg, Heidelberg, Mainz, Wiesbaden, Frank- 

 fort, Halle, Marburg, Bonn, Cologne, Essen, 

 Dinsburg, Dusseldorf, Bremen and London. 

 The cost of the trip, which will last from sixty 

 to sixty-three days, will be $600. 



Mr. Horace G. Perry, in 1909-10 assist- 

 ant in botany at Harvard University, has 

 been appointed professor of botany in Acadia 

 College, N. S. 



DISCUSSION AND CORRESPONDENCE 



J " GENOTYPE " 



In Science for October 28, 1910, p. 588, it is 

 announced that the American Society of 

 Naturalists will soon discuss " Genotypes or 

 pure lines of Johannsen." It is not stated 

 who is responsible for this use of the word 

 " genotype " or whether it has ever been em- 

 ployed before in this sense. In any case it 

 should be pointed out that the word " geno- 

 type," first proposed in your own pages by Dr. 

 C. Sehuchert' has since been used by syste- 



' April 23, 1S97, p. 639. 



matic biologists in ever-increasing number to 

 denote the type-species of a genus. The con- 

 fusion of thought caused in the past by di- 

 verse uses of the word " type " in biology must 

 not be perpetuated; hence I confidently appeal 

 to those who want a single word for the " pure 

 lines of Johannsen " to leave " genotype " 

 alone with its usual significance, and indeed 

 to avoid any word with the syllable " type " 

 in its composition. It may save possibly 

 trouble to point out that the concept of the 

 " pure line " differs not only from that of the 

 "genotype" as hitherto used, but also from 

 that of the " genus-norm."^ 



F. A. Bather 

 British Museum (N. H.), 

 November 11, 1910 



QUOTATIONS 



ACADEMIC AND IKDUSTRUL EFFICIENCY 



Our colleges and universities have been so 

 long under fire, and in so many ways, that it is 

 truly surprising that the fundamental trouble 

 with them has remained so long unrevealed. 

 But now that — thanks to the report made by a 

 mechanical engineer to the Carnegie Founda- 

 tion — the light of modern industrial methods 

 has been thrown upon them, there will no 

 longer be any excuse for their persistence in 

 evil. It may take a little time, to be sure, to 

 put the new standards and ideals into effective 

 operation, but that is merely a detail. The 

 new day has dawned, and the onl.y question 

 that remains is what institutions will be fore- 

 most in gaining the favor of far-sighted and 

 broad-minded men of wealth by conforming 

 their ways to the principles of industrial effi- 

 ciency. Student-time-units per professor, 

 number of pages of standardized lecture notes, 

 coordination of janitor-work with teaching- 

 time, and a score of other measurements of 

 efficiency which will occur to every competent 

 college president, will take the place of those 

 vague and intangible ways of estimating the 

 merits of our institutions of learning that 

 have hitherto prevailed. To argue the merits 

 of the change would be a waste of words. In 

 this age of industrial and commercial advance, 



= Bather, Science, lilay 28, 1897, p. 844. 



