SCIENCE 



Friday, Januabt 6, 1911 



CONTENTS 

 Geology and Economies : Peofessob James F. 

 Kemp 1 



Oiti/ Sanitation: Peofessob Chaeles Bas- 

 KEEVILLE 16 



Scientific Notes and News 21 



University and Educational News 24 



Discussion and Correspondence: — 

 Symbols in Zoological Nomenclature: Peo- 

 fessob Henet B. Wabd. Botanical Evi- 

 dence of Coastal Subsidence: H. H. Baet- 

 LETT. Faculty or President: Peofessob 

 Geeqoey D. Walcott. The Matter of Uni- 

 versity Fellowships: Peofessob Edmund 

 B. Wilson 52 



Scientific Books: — 



Botany for Colleges and Universities: Pbo- 

 FESSOE Ohaeles E. Besset. Ckesneou's 

 Theoretical Principles of the Methods of 

 Analytical Chemistry: PeofesSi.b M. A. 

 RoSANOFF. Arnold's Attention and Inter- 

 est : Peofessob Robebt MAoDouGAii .... 33 



Special Articles: — 



An Intermittent Spouting Well: PbofessoB 

 E. H. Sellaeds. Graphite in Vein Quartz: 

 Otto Veatch. Concerning Sexual Colora- 

 tion: Db. J. Geinnell 37 



The Oklahoma Academy of Science: D. W. 

 Oheen 39 



The Association of Teachers of Mathematics 

 in the Middle States and Maryland: How- 



AED F. Haet I..,. .... . 40 



MSS. intended for publication and books, etc.. Intended fos 

 review should be se:?t to the Editor oi Sciehck, Garrison-on« 

 Hudson, N. Y. 



GEOLOGY AND ECONOMICS^ 

 During the century which has just 

 closed, the various branches of natural 

 science, botany, zoology, geology and their 

 relatives, having earlier completed their 

 childhood, attained to the well-rounded 

 development of maturity. Their broad 

 truths were given clear expression; they 

 were widely apprehended ; and they became 

 the foundations of various inventions and 

 applications of far-reaching influence upon 

 human welfare. Geology, although closely 

 bound up with agriculture, has, neverthe- 

 less, been especially concerned with min- 

 ing. And justly so, because its contribu- 

 tions to the art of mining have been no 

 more than a filial return, since mining as 

 practised in the middle ages was the parent 

 of geology. Until recent years geology's 

 services to the industry have been chiefly 

 rendered in spreading sound and reason- 

 able ideas regarding the nature and dis- 

 tribution of the useful minerals ; in solving 

 the perplexing structural questions affect- 

 ing their occurrence, and in facilitating 

 the discovery of new fields. 



The problems of the production of the 

 metals and non-metalliferous substances, 

 as we know them to-day, are of quite recent 

 growth. High explosives, efficient engines 

 and pumps, steam shovels and the like are 

 all not so old as many men who are still 

 living. They have so greatly reduced 

 costs that practically a new world has 

 opened to the miner. Not only on the sur- 

 face or near it has he been able to work, 

 but the depths have become accessible, and 

 where the value of the ore justified the ef- 

 ^ Presidential address before the New York 

 Academy of Sciences, December 19, 1910. 



