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SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXIII. No. 842 



of education; at Virginia the rector and 

 visitors. 



The important point with reference to 

 appointments and promotions is not as to 

 the nature of the organization which makes 

 the appointment, but as to the representa- 

 tives that make the recommendations to 

 the board; for in most cases as long as 

 these representatives have the confidence 

 of their board, an appointment or promo- 

 tion when recommended is made. The 

 functions of the board in this matter are 

 primarily financial. The creation of a 

 chair rests to a large extent with the 

 board; since whether or not it can be sup- 

 ported depends upon financial considera- 

 tions. If the recommendations made can 

 be financed, they are likely to be accepted ; 

 but if not they may be rejected on this 

 ground. Also on other grounds a board 

 may exercise its veto power. But almost 

 without exception the boards do not re- 

 gard it as their function to take the initia- 

 tive in appointments and promotions. 

 Such initiative they place with the educa- 

 tional officers. 



Occasionally the members of a board of 

 trustees have dealt directly in the appoint- 

 ment of members of the instructional force. 

 This is true at the present time to some ex- 

 tent in one of the institutions of the 

 twenty-two, but this situation is excep- 

 tional and even in this institution prob- 

 ably temporary. Almost without excep- 

 tion, when an appointment has been au- 

 thorized by the board, the recommendation 

 of the president or some other representa- 

 tive or representatives of the faculty is 

 decisive. 



In seventeen of the twenty-two institu- 

 tions of this association the recommenda- 

 tions as to appointments, promotions, and 

 removals rest with the president, chancellor 

 or provost of the institution. In this 

 paper the term president will be used to 

 comprise all three. Of these seventeen in- 



stitutions, in three the recommendations 

 can be made only after the concurrence of 

 or consultation with other academic offi- 

 cers. These are as follows: 



At Kansas the recommendations go to 

 the governing board through the chan- 

 cellor, but such recommendations must 

 come jointly from him, the dean, and head 

 of the department concerned, the chan- 

 cellor having the veto power if he wishes. 



At Cornell the "statutes require that 

 the president shall consult with the heads 

 of departments before making nominations 

 in these departments." 



At Stanford appointments and promo- 

 tions, with reference to which the president 

 has the initiative, must be submitted to an 

 advisory board consisting of nine mem- 

 bers of the rank of professor, and when 

 the president submits his recommenda- 

 tions he must state whether or not they 

 have the approval of the advisory board. 



A part of the advisory board is elected 

 from specified groups of departments and 

 others are elected at large, all elections 

 being without nominations by secret bal- 

 lot of the academic council. The term of 

 office is three years, and one third go out 

 of office each year. Every nomination, 

 promotion or removal of the instructional 

 force, large or small, goes before this 

 board. In connection with this matter it 

 is to be said that Stanford has no deans, 

 the president dealing with reference to 

 each department through its executive 

 head, who is annually appointed by the 

 president with the approval of the ad- 

 visory board. 



The five institutions in which the recom- 

 mendations to the board are not made by 

 the president are as follows : 



At the Catholic University of America 

 appointments of professors are made by 

 the board of trustees "after consultation 

 with the academic senate and with the fac- 

 ulty of the school comprising the depart- 



