Mabch 10, 1911] 



SCIENCE 



379 



the attachments of a professor have been 

 mostly to his university rather than to the 

 ■ fellowship of his particular science. Of recent 

 years, with the organization of national scien- 

 tific societies, some change has occurred in 

 this respect. It is to guilds of scholars, 

 whether fornlally organized or not, that we 

 must look for setting the standard of scholarly 

 production. The fellowship of scholars can 

 only be a matter of gradual development, and 

 their standards also must grow and can not be 

 suddenly and artificially raised; but there is 

 plenty of evidence that the standards of our 

 scholarly guilds have been rapidly improving, 

 and they will probably continue to improve. 

 Such guilds possess rewards and punishments 

 of their own, for the standing of a man among 

 his fellows is one of the strongest incentives to 

 action. The standards of the guilds must 

 eventually be the standards of the universi- 

 ties ; and thus we hold in our own hands, quite 

 apart from the momentary attitude of uni- 

 versity authorities, a force capable of raising 

 the level of our own work and that of our suc- 



E. S. WOODWORTH 



Columbia Univeesitt 



BIOLOGICAL TEACHING IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS 



A MEETING of men interested in the ad- 

 vancement of biological teaching in secondary 

 schools was held at the Harvard Union, Cam- 

 bridge, on Saturday, February 4. Those 

 present were Professor G. H. Parker, Harvard 

 University; Principal Irving O. Palmer, New- 

 ton Technical High School; Dr. H. E. Lin- 

 viUe, Jamaica (N. T.) High School; E. H. 

 Howe, Jr., Middlesex School; Samuel F. 

 Tower, Boston English High School; S. War- 

 ren Sturgis, Groton School; Head Master 

 Prank E. Lane and W. L. W. Field, Milton 

 Academy. The relation of school biology to 

 civics, the sequence of laboratory experiments, 

 outdoor work with classes and college require- 

 ments were the topics informally discussed. 

 The undersigned was authorized to communi- 

 cate with other teachers with a view to estab- 

 lishing a series of conferences, perhaps to be 

 held alternately in Boston and New York. 



Correspondence ia accordingly invited from 

 interested readers of this notice. 



W. L. W. Field 

 Milton Academy, 

 Mllton, Mass., 

 February 6, 1911 



SOIENTIFIG BOOKS 



Questioned Documents. A Study of Ques- 

 tioned Documents with an Outline of Meth- 

 ods by which the Facts may be Discovered 

 and Shown. By Albert S. Osborn. With ' 

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 more. Two hundred illustrations. Eoch- 

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 " Questioned Documents " is an admirably 

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 of enlarged photographs taken in various 

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The purpose of the book is practical — a very 

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 The reviewer is acquainted with no other 



