468 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXIII. No. 847 



Three series of lakes extend across Martin 

 County, one of the central counties of the most 

 southern tier in Minnesota. Till forms the mod- 

 erately undulating and almost level country in- 

 closing these lakes, which are usually joined by a 

 stream. In several places, however, a watershed 

 passes across a lake chain, and such higher divides 

 between closely adjoining lakes of the chain like- 

 wise consist of till, retaining their contour as 

 molded by the ice-sheet, without effects of water 

 in deposition or in erosion. These very remarkable 

 chains of lakes seem explainable only by regard- 

 ing them as proofs of a fully developed inter- 

 glacial system of drainage running there from 

 north to south, which became afterwards ice- 

 enveloped in the lowan and Wisconsin stages of 

 the glacial period. 



Near Eush City in Chisago County, about fifty 

 miles north of St. Paul, and at Barnesville, Clay 

 County, in the southern part of the Red River 

 "Valley, fossiliferous beds and associated modified 

 drift were overspread by till of a later glacial 

 readvance. Probably this renewal of glaciation 

 covered nearly all the south half of Minnesota, 

 extending over Martin County with partial filling 

 of its interglacial river courses, and continuing to 

 the most southern limits of the Wisconsin drift 

 sheet west of the Mississippi River, near Des 

 Moines, Iowa, distant from Barnesville about 400 

 miles to the south-southeast. 



The Glacier National Farlc: M. J. Elkod. 



About 125 colored lantern slides, mostly from 

 the author's negatives, showing the condition, 

 surroundings and effects of the several glaciers of 

 the park. 



Observations on Changes of Level on the Atlantic 

 Coast Line from Cape Cod to Cape Race (New- 

 foundland) : G. C. CUETis. Read by abstract 

 only. 



A series of observations have been completed on 

 the coast and outlying islands tetween Cape Cod 

 and Cape Race. The general character is that of 

 old mountains partly submerged and subsequently 

 elevated. Local differential movements appear to 

 be a characteristic throughout the area. Sections 

 of coast plain alternate with fiorded indents. 

 Since glaciation there has been a very general ele- 

 vation of between twenty and forty feet, some- 

 times more and sometimes practically none. In 

 general the Nova Scotia coast appears to have 

 remained longer at the present level than that of 

 Maine. The character of local coast features has 

 been modified by glacial drift. 



The Contribution which the Naturalistic Model is 

 bringing to Earth Science: G. C. CUBTIS. Read 

 by abstract only. 



Up to the last decade, representation of the 

 earth's surface has been generally held an em- 

 pirical subject. Modern science has permitted its 

 development along natural principles. To-day it 

 may be considered an exact art based on the laws 

 of nature. We are just beginning this work, 

 which has probably the power to bring a more 

 general interest and better appreciation for the 

 land on which we live than has before been pos- 

 sible. The distinction between the diagrammatic 

 relief map and the true model is now being gen- 

 erally used; under the auspices of Alexander 

 Agassiz, a naturalistic model of the topographic 

 type has been made of the coral island Bora Bora, 

 and installed in the Museum of Comparative Zool- 

 ogy (Harvard). The naturalistic model is the 

 most perfect representation that can be made of 

 the earth's surface, giving a truer conception of 

 the forms of geography than can possibly be ob- 

 tained otherwise. The results based on following 

 natural principles are so far superior to those of 

 the mechanical methods and the work has so dif- 

 ferent an appearance that it seems like a different 

 subject. 



Geographic Influences in the History of Michigan: 



G. J. Miller. Read by title only. 

 Original Geographic Work: Robt. Bell. Read by 



title only. 

 Reciprocal Intercision iy Parallel Streams: G. H. 



Chadwick. Read by abstract. 



Two parallel streams cut through the beaches of 

 former Lake Iroquois, in the town of Lorraine, 

 Jefferson County, N. Y. When close to the lake, 

 these streams meandered somewhat, and one cap- 

 tured a tributary of the other. Since the lowering 

 of the lake level, both streams have cut gorges in 

 the soft shale. In much more recent times, the 

 tributary mentioned has, in one of its meanders, 

 up stream from the first point mentioned, cut 

 through the wall of the larger canyon and given 

 itself up; it can hardly be called a capture by the 

 larger stream. 



Artesian Water of South Daiota: Ell wood C. 

 Perisho. Read by title only. 



The Material Conditions of a Municipal Water 



Supply: C. W. Hall. 



A study has been made of the water from all 

 the local geological formations and from the 

 various surface sources. Several points are worthy 



