Maech 31, 1911] 



SCIENCE 



505 



indices of S0.4 and 80.9 and the broad heads are 

 in the majority of 3 to 2 and 3 to 1. If we 

 assume, as many scholars do, that the Dorians 

 ultimately came from Illyria we have an explana- 

 tion to hand. The Illyric stock is unmistakable 

 and exceptional in Europe to-day, in that it com- 

 bines a broad head with a tall frame. In this 

 southwest corner of Crete is a broad-headed people 

 with a stature of 1,709 mm. (cf. Dalmatians 

 1,711 mm.) whereas the central and western 

 Cretans average 40 mm. less. 



A further test made with an instrument I had 

 just invented, the comparison of the sagittal 

 curve of the living head brings out a striking 

 likeness between the brachycephalic Sphakiots, 

 the Albanians (the oldest inhabitants of Illyria) 

 and the Tsakonians, a tribe in the east of the 

 Peloponnesus, 8,000 in number, who still speak 

 a Dorian dialect unintelligible to the Greeks. 

 These three peoples, all with claims to Dorian 

 descent, separated by hundreds of miles, yield 

 exactly similar sagittal curves, and their normal 

 types very closely approximate, whereas the con- 

 trast to that of the Mediterranean race is ex- 

 traordinary. 



The Social Organization of the Winnebago In- 

 dians: Dr. Paul Radin. 



The topics discussed by Dr. Radin included: 

 (1) the village organization; (2) the phratries; 

 (3) the clans (animal names, animal descent, 

 clans); (5) the clan functions (elan feasts, clan 

 names); (4) the ceremonials associated with the 

 clans; (5) the clan functions (clan feasts, clan 

 wakes) ; (6) marriage; (7) death and mortuary 

 customs; (8) the hunt; (9) the warpath. 



Dr. Radin closed with a general theoretical dis- 

 cussion of the phratries and clans. 

 The Meligious Ideas of the Winnebago Indians: 

 Dr. Paul Radin. 



This subject was also treated topically: (1) the 

 guardian spirits associated with the ceremonial 

 societies and with the clans; (2) their "nature" 

 (nature deities and " spirit " animals) and the 

 specific powers they control ; ( 3 ) the " inherit- 

 ance " of guardian spirits per se, and in associa- 

 tion with the clan and the ceremonial organiza- 

 tion ; ( 4 ) the " degrees " in the attitude toward 

 guardian spirits; (5) the conception of life, 

 death, future life and transmigration, its bearing 

 on the social organization; (6) the ceremonial 

 associated with the attainment of long life, with 

 death, future life, transmigration, and miscel- 

 laneous religious beliefs; (7) the guardian spirits 

 as the basis of the ceremonial organizations and 



the influence of their disappearance on the type 

 of ceremonial organization; (8) the impossi- 

 bility of separating the social and religious fac- 

 tors in their attitude toward the guardian spirits 

 and the general conceptions; (9) discussion as to 

 the probable historical development of the re- 

 ligious-social complex. 

 Polynesian Gods: Professor Roland B. Dixon. 



The characteristics of the four great gods of 

 Polynesia were discussed, and the relative impor- 

 tance of these deities in the different island 

 groups pointed out. Kane, Ku and Lono were 

 suggested as forming a connected group, with 

 Kanaloa quite separate and differing in origin. 

 It was suggested that the latter might probably 

 be derived from a Melanesian deity, whereas the 

 triad showed indications of an origin in Indonesia. 

 Polynesian and Melanesian Mythology: Professor 

 Roland B. Dixon. 



The myth incidents of the Polynesian and 

 Melanesian areas were considered in their dis- 

 tribution, and in their relation to the mythology 

 of Micronesia and Malaysia. The general results 

 of this comparison seemed to accord with the 

 theories of migration and cultural origins derived 

 from a study of material culture. 

 A Pre-Pajaritan Culture in the Rio Oramde 

 Drainage: Dr. Edgae L. Hewett. 

 On the high bench lands bordering the Chama 

 River on the south, the writer recorded in the 

 summer of 1905 a large number of ruins of a 

 different character from any of the well-known 

 ancient Pueblo rmns of Pajarito plateau. During 

 the past summer many more of the same character 

 were noted and surveyed in the Ojo Caliente val- 

 ley. These ruins consist of foundations of cobble- 

 stone inclosing rectangular rooms. Some of the 

 ruin groups are of great extent. A typical group 

 consists of a central circular structure of stone, 

 probably in part subterranean, an open plaza 

 surrounding it, then the foundation walls extend- 

 ing out in all directions. The entire settlement 

 is divided into two parts by a narrow irregular 

 street. That these ruins antedate the great com- 

 munity houses of the Pajaritan culture is shown 

 by the facts that the walls are reduced to the 

 grass level and that these ruins in some cases 

 partly underlie the structures of the latter period. 

 Abstracts were furnished by some authors who 

 were not able to be present and read their papers. 

 These abstracts are also given: 

 A Note on the Persistence of some Mediterranean 

 Types: Miss Geobgiana G. King. 



