710 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXTII. No. 853 



old and weighed 150 pounds (68 kilograms). 

 He was not fond of athletics and did not keep 

 in training, though he believed that his usual 

 occupation involved a considerable amount of 

 physical work. As regards food, he stated 

 that he used bread, butter, cheese, eggs, meat, 

 fruit and coffee, and that he did not use 

 cereal foods, milk, vegetables, sugar and tea. 

 He considered that he ate a medium amount, 

 as distinguished from the other three success- 

 ful contestants quoted, who stated that they 

 were " hearty eaters." 



Judging from the data summarized, it ap- 

 pears that although there were some individual 

 peculiarities in the selection of food, all four 

 of the successful contestants who supplied 

 data used a mixed diet, made up of the ordi- 

 nary food materials, and the same was true of 

 the other three men who furnished infor- 

 mation. 



The question of energy expenditure in walk- 

 ing has been exhaustively studied under a 

 variety of conditions by Zuntz and his asso- 

 ciates. According to the data obtained by 

 Zuntz and Schumburg'' with soldiers march- 

 ing on a level, the energy expenditure for 

 motion of forward progression averages 0.52 

 calorie per kilogram of body weight per 1,000 

 meters. Practically the same figures for en- 

 ergy expended in walking on a level have been 

 reported by Durig,° in his study of respiratory 

 quotient and energy expenditure of men 

 marching on a level, at low and high altitudes. 



When consulted regarding the probable en- 

 ergy expenditure under the conditions of the 

 Kankakee contest. Professor Zuntz stated that 

 he was of the opinion that a special factor 

 should be used for the load carried, and that 

 not less than 0.6 calorie, perhaps even 0.7 

 calorie, per kilogram of load per 1,000 meters 

 of distance covered would be a proper factor. 



Taking into account the above-mentioned 

 values, the calculated average energy expendi- 

 ture of the six successful contestants would be 



^ " Physiologie des Marsehes, " Berlin, 1901, p. 

 299. 



' Benlcschriften der Mathematisch-Naturwissen- 

 schaftlichen Klasse der Kaiserlichen ATcademie der 

 Wissensohaften, 86 (1909), pp. 242-291. 



1,137 calories, of which 707 would represent 

 the energy expended in moving 86 kilograms, 

 the average body weight, over a distance of 

 15.8 kilometers, and 430 calories the energy 

 expended in moving over this distance the load 

 which was carried. 



As regards the individuals who completed 

 the entire course, the calculated energy ex- 

 penditure for F. Gr., who weighed 54 kilo- 

 grams, would be 874 calories, of which 444 

 calories represents the energy expended in 

 moving the body over the course, and 430 

 calories that for the load. The energy ex- 

 penditure for C. H. C, who weighed 116 kilo- 

 grams, was calculated to be 1,383 calories, of 

 which 953 calories represents the expenditure 

 for the body, and 430 calories that for the 

 load. For J. B., who weighed 82 kilograms, 

 the calculated energy expenditure would be 

 1,104 calories, 674 calories representing the 

 expenditure for the body and 430 calories that 

 for the load. G. H. weighed 68 kilograms, 

 and in his case the energy expended in carry- 

 ing the load over the full course would be 989 

 calories, of which 559 calories represents the 

 expenditure for the body, and 430 calories the 

 expenditure for the load. 



In the case of the 38 other men, with an 

 average weight of 73.8 kilograms, who com- 

 pleted one lap in the contest, the calculated 

 energy expenditure would be 84 calories, of ■ 

 which 49 calories represented the energy ex- 

 pended for forward progression of the body, 

 and 35 calories the energy expenditure in- 

 volved in carrying the load. 



Thirteen men completed half the course. 

 Assuming that their average body weight was 

 the same as the average for all the men who 

 completed one round, namely, 75 kilograms, 

 the calculated average energy expenditure 

 would be 523 calories, of which 308 calories 

 represents the expenditure for moving the 

 body over the course, and 215 calories repre- 

 sents the energy expenditure for moving the 

 load. 



Like most towns in the middle west, the 

 streets of Kankakee are comparatively level. 

 However, in the account quoted it is stated 

 that there is a grade of about 9 feet per hun- 



