822 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXIII. No. 856 



foreground among subjects of importance in 

 general education, and more and more courses 

 in the purely scientific statement of the sub- 

 ject are followed up by those in its applica- 

 tions. 



The text-book before us covers the latter 

 field. It aims to carry a student through the 

 various useful minerals and rocks; to instruct 

 him in their modes of occurrence, the prin- 

 ciples governing their accumulation and the 

 statistics of their production. The non- 

 metallics are first discussed, beginning with 

 coal. Then follow in order, in Part I., pe- 

 troleum and related hydrocarbons; structural 

 materials; salines; fertilizers; abrasives; vari- 

 ous minor minerals, and finally underground 

 water. The author has freely used maps and 

 pictures and summarizes literature at the close 

 of each chapter. In the matter of clays and 

 their applications he is especially at home 

 from long experience with this particular line 

 of investigation. 



Part II. is devoted to the metalliferous 

 deposits. An introductory chapter on the 

 geological principles involved and the scheme 

 of classification to be employed leads up to a 

 systematic description of the ores of iron, 

 copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver and the lesser 

 metals. Again maps are freely used and with 

 geological sections and pictures convey excel- 

 lent ideas of occurrence and distribution. 

 Statistics add the proper sense of perspective 

 and of relative magnitudes. 



The author writes with obvious knowledge 

 and command of his subject. Successive 

 years of presentation to classes and the two 

 previous editions of the work have aided in 

 bringing it to a high grade of excellence. The 

 publishers have cooperated with maps and 

 illustrations, with the result that a concise and 

 very useful manual has resulted. 



J. r. Kemp 



PSYCHOLOGY IN BUSSIA 

 At the eighth annual meeting of experi- 

 mental psychologists, held at Cornell Univer- 

 sity, April 17-19, 1911, Professor G. Tschel- 

 panow, of the University of Moscow, described 

 the status of psychology in Russia at the 



present time. He has been commissioned by 

 his government to study psychological labora- 

 tories abroad, in order to perfect plans for the 

 erection and equipment of a psychological 

 laboratory building, the first and most com- 

 plete of its kind — and to be established at 

 Moscow, in the heart of Eussia! This labo- 

 ratory is the gift of Mr. S. I. Shtchukin, of 

 that city, who has contributed 100,000 Eubel 

 ($50,000) for the building and 20,000 Eubel 

 for its equipment. He is already well knovm 

 as a benefactor and protector of the modern 

 school of painters, and has a large private 

 museum of modern pictures which is often 

 visited by English and French artists. The 

 new laboratory is also endowed with a library 

 of 3,000 volumes, worth 10,000 Eubel, pre- 

 sented as a memorial by the family of a young 

 instructor of the University of Moscow, who 

 met with an untimely death. 



Professor Tschelpanow addressed the audi- 

 ence in German, but he kindly permitted me 

 to translate the notes I had taken and to 

 publish them, in spite of their sketchy, un- 

 finished form, as I considered his remarks of 

 general interest to scientists at large. He 

 said in part : 



" Experimental psychology in Eussia is stiU 

 in its beginning; although the first interest 

 ■ for it was aroused as much as twenty years 

 ago. Its progress has been impeded partly 

 by the uncertainty of political conditions, 

 partly by the close affiliation of psychology 

 with philology only, and not with natural 

 sciences, and partly also by the fact that 

 Russian universities have only collegiate rank, 

 so that most of their advanced students still 

 have to go to Germany for their research 

 work. 



" Among the older psychological labora- 

 tories, that at Odessa has become most widely 

 known through the work of N. Lange. For 

 some time he had but scanty space and only 

 a few pieces of demonstrational apparatus at 

 his disposal. At Kiew the laboratory con- 

 sists of two rooms which contain demonstra- 

 tional and other instruments. Moscow is in 

 this respect the most fortunate place of all, 

 because four years ago its laboratory was 



