SCIENCE 



Feidat, July 10, 1914 



Educational Costs: PKorEssoE Leonard M. 

 Passano 39 



Flood Prevention and its Relation to fhe Na- 

 tion's Food Supply: Judson Gr. Wall 44 



\^ A Notable Botanical Career: Professor 



Charles E. Bessey 48 



M. Albert Lacroix ; K 49 



The Lassen Eruption 49 



Scientific Notes and News 51 



University and Educational News 57 



Discussion and Correspondence : — 



The Conferring of the Bachelor's Degree 

 upon Non-graduates: Professor W. L. 

 Jennings. Multiple Factors vs. "Golden 

 Mean" in Sise Inheritance: Professor 

 E. A. Bmerson. The "Golden Mean": A. 

 B. Bruce. Disagreements in Chemical 

 Nomenclature: Professor H. B. North. 

 The Professor and the Institution: Pro- 

 fessor H. B. Alexander 57 



GeiTcie's The Antiquity of Man in Europe: 

 Professor John J. Stevenson. Gilbert on 

 the Psychology of Management: Professor 

 H. L. Hollingworth. Monographien ein- 

 heirniischer Tiere: Professor Charles A. 

 Koron). Weed's The Copper SandbooTc: 

 W. L 62 



The Official List of Zoological Names: Dr. 0. 

 W. Stiles 66 



Special Articles: — 



The lone Formation of the Sierra Nevada 

 Foothills: Eot E. Dickerson. TTie Permea- 

 bility of the Frog's Egg: Dk. J. E. Mc- 

 Clendon 67 



The American Chemical Society: De. Charles 

 L. Parsons 72 



MSS. intended for publication and books, etc., intendfid for 

 review should be sent to Frofeesor J. MoKeen Cattell, GarrisoD- 

 on-Hndson, N. Y. 



EDUCATIONAL COSTS 

 I 



In the treatment of the educational insti- 

 tion as an industrial organization several 

 points of view may be taken. That one 

 which looks upon the student as the prod- 

 uct of the factory or plant will be here dis- 

 missed without discussion as inherently 

 false and as based upon very superficial 

 analogies. In a second light the student 

 may be regarded as the customer who buys 

 the product instruction — possibly educa- 

 tion — from the factory of which the work- 

 men are the teachers. These theories, which 

 the present writer has discussed at some 

 length in another place,^ will be passed 

 over, in order that consideration may be 

 given to a third viewpoint as follows. 



The product of the college considered as 

 an industrial organization is instruction; 

 instruction in Greek, in chemistry, in 

 mathematics, in history, or in any other 

 subject which is there taught. The work- 

 men of the educational factory fall into 

 two classes: the instructors constitute the 

 class of paid workmen; the students the 

 class of unpaid workmen who may be looked 

 upon, in a way, as apprentices. The prod- 

 uct, instruction, can not be made except by 

 the cooperation of the two classes of work- 

 men. The finished product is education, or 

 an education. 



The analogy between the industrial 

 plant and the educational institution is by 

 no means as close as is asserted by those who 

 advocate the application of the principles 

 of business management to the college. It 

 may be doubted if there be any instance of 



1 ' ' The College as a Commercial Factory, ' ' Edu- 

 cational Beview, December, 1913. 



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