158 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XL. No. 1022 



mucli. That is a sum almost sufficient for 

 the salaries of the staff, at first. 



Unattainable in the first or second year, 

 this membership should be reached in the 

 fifth year of the Institute's existence; and 

 after the first decennium the benefits of 

 the Institute will have been so incontest- 

 ably proven, that no chemist, whatever his 

 activity, will find it practicable to carry out 

 his work without using it. Then the an- 

 nual membership fees would amount to 

 much more than we have assumed. 



CONDITIONS FOE THE FOUNDATION 



The foundation of so great an institution 

 is not possible on the uncertain basis. of 

 membership fees. A realization of the en- 

 tire plan can only be expected when a 

 definite sum of money has been assured for 

 the first outlay, and a yearly income guar- 

 anteed for a number of years. 



After repeated calculation of the require- 

 ments and conditions and with the feasible 

 assumption that nothing need be allowed 

 for the purchase of the land, I assume that 

 with an endowment of $150,000 and an 

 annuity of $12,000 for five or ten years, the 

 Institute could be called into being without 

 subjecting ourselves to the stigma of finan- 

 cial rashness. 



Neither sum can be obtained except 

 through the willing participation of those 

 persons and institutions who would derive 

 personal or public benefit from the Interna- 

 tional Chemical Institute or who wished to 

 serve as public benefactors. 



Personal solicitations will be instituted 

 to obtain this endowment for the establish- 

 ment of the International Chemical Insti- 

 tute. 



The liberality of one or another country 

 will eventually decide where in Europe the 

 main institute is to be located. 



WlLHELM OSTWALD 



TSE MAN OF PILTDOWN 

 Tpie story of the Piltdown discovery is al- 

 ready more or less familiar to readers of this 

 journal.^ But the recent gathering and pub- 

 lishing of additional data^ on the subject should 

 not be allowed to pass unnoticed. This is 

 especially true not only because of the far- 

 reaching significance of the discovery, but 

 also because British scientists have been 

 known to be at odds concerning the reconstruc- 

 tion of the skull in question. 



It will be recalled that Dr. Smith Woodward 

 regarded the Piltdown specimen as the type 

 of a new genus of the family Hominidse, to 

 which he gave the name Eoanthropus dawsoni, 

 and which was defined primarily by the char- 

 acters of the mandible. Of the mandible only 

 the right ramus with first and second molar 

 teeth in situ was at first discovered. The con- 

 dyle and symphysis were both lacking, but the 

 fragment was of sufficient size to enable Dr. 

 Smith Woodward to reconstruct the symphysis 

 with a fair degree of accuracy. It was the 

 reconstruction of the cranium about which 

 differences of opinion arose between Dr. Smith 

 Woodward and Professor Elliot Smith, on the 

 one hand, and Professor Arthur Keith, on the 

 other. 



Of the brain case nine fragments, parts of 

 the frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal, 

 were found. Prom these Dr. Smith Woodward 

 reconstructed a skull with a capacity of about 

 1,076 c.e. On the other hand, a reconstruction 

 by Professor Keith gave to the skull a brain 

 capacity of 1,500 c.c, in other words, that of 

 a well-developed modern European skull. 

 After further study Dr. Smith Woodward 

 acknowledges a small error. He finds that the 

 " longitudinal ridge along the outer face at 

 the hinder end of the parietal region is not 

 median, but one of a pair such as frequently 

 occurs in the lower types of human crania." 

 In the published reconstruction there should 

 thus be a slight readjustment of the occipital 



1 Science, January 17, 1913. 



2 Chas. Dawson and A. Smith "Woodward, ' ' Sup- 

 plementary Note on the Discovery of a Paleolithic 

 Human Skull and Mandible at Piltdown (Sus- 

 sex)," Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc, LXX., April, 1914. 



