160 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XL. No. 102B 



The prevailing color is " pale yellow with occa- 

 sional darker patches." A rude paleolith of the 

 Chellean type was found in the middle of 

 this layer, which likewise contained rolled iron- 

 stained subangular flints. The third layer, 

 some 50 cm. thick, is easily distinguished be- 

 cause of its dark ferruginous appearance. It 

 contains rolled and subangular flints similar 

 to those found in the layer above. All the 

 fossils (with the exception of the remains of 

 the deer) were either discovered in or have 

 been traced to this third layer. So-called 

 eoliths and at least one worked flint were like- 

 wise found here. The Eoanthropus remains 

 came from it and near the uneven floor form- 

 ing the upper limit of the fourth stratum. 

 The latter has a thickness of about 25 cm., is 

 aon-fossilif erous, and " contains flints of a 

 much larger size than any of those in the 

 overlying strata." Nothing that could be 

 «alled an implement or eolith has been re- 

 ported from the fourth bed. Below are un- 

 disturbed strata of the Tunbridge Wells Sand 

 (Cretaceous). 



Our knowledge of the Piltdown fossil fauna 

 Las been supplemented by the finding of re- 

 mains of one new form, a fragment of a 

 tooth of Rhinoceros, in the same state of 

 mineralization as the teeth of Stegodon and 

 Mastodon previously described ; while the speci- 

 men can not be determined with absolute cer- 

 tainty, it belongs either to Rhinoceros mercTci 

 or R. etruscus, with the evidence rather favor- 

 ing the latter. Additional remains of Siegodon 

 (fragment of a molar) and Castor (fragment 

 of mandible) were likewise recovered. Judged 

 from its fossil content, the third stratum at 

 Piltdown would be classed as Pliocene were 

 it not for the presence of Eoanthropus and the 

 beaver. In view of the fact that the remains 

 of these, although softer, are not so rolled and 

 worn as the other fossil remaias, the third 

 bed, although composed in the main of Plio- 

 cene drift, was probably reconstructed in early 

 Pleistocene times. 



Those who might once have objected to the 

 use of the name Eoanthropus for the Piltdown 

 skull can no longer deny its appropriateness 

 when applied to the lower jaw, especially 



since the finding of the canine tooth. While 

 the probabilities are all in favor of the three 

 parts belonging to one and the same indi- 

 vidual, the case for Eoanthropus does not have 

 to depend on producing positive proof to that 

 effect. The only flint implement of Chellean 

 type came from the layer above (No. 2), and 

 is of later date than the human remains. Did 

 Eoanthropus make use of the eoliths found 

 in tell-tale association with him? The future 

 holds this secret, and if hard enough pressed, 

 may some day reveal it. 



George Grant MacCurdt 

 Tale University, 

 New Haven, Conn. 



TSE PMODUCTION OF COAL IN 1913 



The production of coal in the United States 

 has again broken all previous records, the out- 

 put for 1913 being 570,048,125 short tons, 

 which is considerably more than double the 

 production of 1900 and more than eight times 

 the production of 1880, according to a state- 

 ment just issued by the United States Geo- 

 logical Survey, from figures compiled by 

 Edward W. Parker, coal statistician. The 

 value of the coal mined ha. 1913 is given as 

 $760,488,785. 



Compared with the previous year the out- 

 put for 1913 shows an increase of 35,581,545 

 tons, or nearly 7 per cent. The increased activ- 

 ity indicated by these figures was well dis- 

 tributed throughout the 29 coal-producing 

 states, 23 of which showed increases and only 

 6 decreased production, the decrease in one of 

 these — Colorado — ^being due solely to labor 

 trouble. Of those showing increase, 12 made 

 record yields, and Pennsylvania, the leading 

 coal state, broke records in both bituminous 

 and anthracite production. The states which 

 broke all former records in coal production 

 were Alabama, Illinois, Kentucky, Montana, 

 New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, 

 Texas, Utah, Virginia and West Virginia. 

 The largest increase in the production of 

 bituminous coal was in Pennsylvania, where 

 11,915,729 tons was added to the output of 

 1912. West Virginia showed the second 

 largest gain, 4,522,295 tons, and Kentucky the 



