July 31, 1914] 



SCIENCE 



177 



dipped capsules are allowed to dry over night. 

 Premature boiling causes the capsules to swell 

 and burst due to the presence of ether and 

 alcohol in the inner layers of the coUoidin. 

 They should not be boiled until they are odor- 

 less. 



The coUoidin capsules are removed from the 

 glass rods by immersing them in boiling water 

 for ten minutes using the glass rods to con- 

 trol the capsules. Leaks may be detected by 

 blowing through the glass rods. If no leaks 

 are detected the capsules can be easily re- 

 moved from the glass when the gelatin has 

 melted. The capsules generally contain gela- 

 tine which may be objectionable in some ex- 

 periments. This may be removed by filling 

 the capsules with water and boiling them 

 briskly for one half hour. If any of the gela- 

 tin remains, the process must be repeated until 

 all has been removed. . 



The finished capsules may be fiUed with 

 bouillon, water or any liquid media and steril- 

 ized by interm.ittent sterilization, after which 

 they may be inoculated by platinum needle, 

 pipette or hypodermic syringe. Sealing is ac- 

 complished by placing a drop of thick coUoidon 

 in the neck of the capsule and allowing it to 

 harden. Leaks may be detected by washing 

 the capsule with sterilized water, after which 

 it is dropped into a tube of sterilized broth and 

 incubated twenty-four hours. 



William "W. Browne, 

 David Soletsky 



The College op the City of New Yokk 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES 



THE WISCONSIN ACADEMY OP SCIENCES, ARTS AND 

 LETTERS 



The academy in conjunction with the Wisconsin 

 Axcheological Society, the Wisconsin Audubon So- 

 ciety, the Madison Myeological Society, the Wis- 

 consin Mycologieal Society and the Wisconsin 

 Natural History Society, held its forty-fourth 

 annual meeting at Milwaukee in the Public Mu- 

 seum, when the following program was presented: 



First Session Thursday, April 9, at 9 o'clock 

 ' ' Some Problems Involved in the Cultivation of 



Medicinal Plants," by Edward Kremeis. 



"The Garden City Movement in England and 



Germany," by L. S. Smith. (Illustrated.) 



"The Significance of Highway Maintenance in 

 the United States," by L. 8. Smith. (By title.) 



"A New Indicator for Acids and Alkalis," by 

 A. P. Gnman. 



"Origin of the Republican Party," by A. F. 

 Gilman. 



"Some Variations Noted in Gall Stones," by 

 G. A. Talbert. 



"Geologic Occurrence of Radium Ores," by 

 Eufus Mather Bagg. (Illustrated.) 



"The Relation of the Corpus Christi Procession 

 to the Corpus Christi Play in England, ' ' by Merle 

 Pierson. 



' ' Some Versions of English Ballads Collected In 

 Milton," by Mabel Maxson. 



"William Gager and the Academic Drama at 

 Oxford," by Karl Young. (By title.) 



The second session was held on the evening of 

 Thursday, April 9, at 7:30 o'clock, when Pro- 

 fessor S. W. Williston, of the University of Chi- 

 cago, delivered a lecture on "Early Land Animals 

 of North America." This lecture was fully illus- 

 trated by many restorations of early extinct ani- 

 mals for the most part made by the lecturer. The 

 lecture was well attended by the public, and was 

 most interesting and valuable. 



Third Session, Friday, April 10, at 9:30 o'clock 



' ' The Climate of Madison, Wis. 1. A discussion 

 of the observations of temperature, 1869 to 1913," 

 by Eric R. Miller. 



"The Approach to Popular Literature," by 

 Arthur Beatty. 



' ' A Method for Determining Approximate Meta- 

 bolic Demands of Plants for Soil Water," by H. 

 E. Pulling. (By title.) 



"Physiological Changes Causing Black Heart 

 in Potato Tubers," by E. T. Bartholomew. (By 

 title.) 



"Further Studies on Wisconsin TremellinesB, " 

 by E. M. Gilbert. (By title.) 



"Successful Method for Growing CUtocybe 

 illudens and Armillaria mellea," by V. H. Young. 

 (By title.) 



' ' The Effect of Lateral Pressure on the Forma- 

 tion and Direction of Growth of Plant Organs," 

 by J. B. Overton. (By title.) 



"The Development of Botanical Microtech- 

 nique," by Gilbert M. Smith. (By title.) 



"The Reaction of Pigment Cells in the Trout to 

 Chemical Stimuli," by John M. Loshinski. 



"Fertilization in the Parasitic Copepoda, Ler- 

 n-cBopoda Edwardsii Olsson, " by Nathan Fasten. 



"Mutation and Atavism in Plants," by How- 

 land Russell. 



"Heat Budgets of European and American 

 Lakes," by E. A. Birge. 



"Physiological Age as Determined by Growth 

 of Epiphasis of Wrist Bones," by A. H. Yoder. 



' ' On Habits and Relationship of Some Muscoid 

 Flies," by Sigmund Graenicher. 



"Field Record of the Wisconsin Mycologieal So- 

 ciety for the Season of 1913," by Dr. Lewis Sher- 



