378 



SCIENCE 



[N. S., Vol. XL., No. 1028 



sanitary precautions will succeed completely 

 in safeguarding the force from infection, 

 since it will certainly be exposed to three 

 sources of infection, difScult or impossible to 

 control, namely: (a) Men in the incubation 

 stage of ts^hoid who have accompanied or 

 joined the force, (h) Unsuspected typhoid 

 carriers, (c) Contact with the inhabitants of 

 the country in which typhoid may be present. 



3. The preventive value of antitjrphoid in- 

 oculation is now universally recognized, and 

 is well knovm to all who have served in India. 



4. As it was not found possible to inocu- 

 late the force on mobilization, only a small 

 percentage of the men will have been pro- 

 tected, but it should be practicable, by seizing 

 every opportunity, to raise the number of in- 

 oculated very considerably. If a unit is likely 

 to be stationary for a short time, advantage 

 might be taken of this with the consent of 

 the general staff, to inoculate a certain num- 

 ber of men, — for example, a company or half 

 a company, and in this way a whole regiment 

 or other unit might be protected, without any 

 serious interference with its duties. In the 

 same way individual men temporarily disabled 

 by minor ailments, or otherwise available, 

 might be inoculated. It is strongly urged that 

 m.edical oificers lose no opportunity of intro- 

 ducing and carrying through some such sys- 

 tem. 



5. Antityphoid vaccine has been sent to the 

 base depot of medical stores, and will be is- 

 sued, as required, on requisition. 



The value of the output of recoverable gold, 

 silver, copper, lead and zinc from mines in Cali- 

 fornia in 1913, according to Charles G. Tale, 

 of the United States Geological Survey, was 

 $26,812,489, an increase of $428,543 over the 

 1912 production. All the metals except zinc 

 showed an increased yield, although the ore 

 treated was less in quantity and there were 

 fewer mines reporting a production than in 

 1912. The total recoverable value of gold from 

 California in 1913 was $20,406,958, of which 

 the deep mines produced $11,570,781, or 56.7 

 per cent. The total increase in the gold pro- 

 duction was $693,480, of which $502,966 was in 

 the yield from deep mines. The gold produc- 

 tion was larger than in any other year except 



one since 1864. This great output was due en- 

 tirely to the operations of the dredging com- 

 panies and the larger deep mines, as the num- 

 ber of mines operated in 1913 was 245 less than 

 in 1912. Of the gold recovered from placer 

 mines the gold dredges reported $8,090,294, 

 which was nearly 92 per cent, of the placer 

 gold mined and nearly 40 per cent, of the total 

 state yield in 1913. Since the commencement 

 of gold dredging in California, 15 years ago, 

 the gold recovered from this source has 

 amounted to $63,505,485. Most of this large 

 yield has been derived from ground which 

 could not have been mined proiitably under any 

 of the old methods of gravel mining. The 410 

 deep mines sold or treated 2,495,958 tons of ore, 

 a decrease of 145,539 tons, compared with 1912. 

 Most of the siliceous ore, which amounted to 

 2,031,429 tons, was treated at gold and silver 

 mills, yielding an average recovery of $5.61 a 

 ton in gold and silver. The 448,439 tons of 

 copper had a recoverable value of $1.84 a ton 

 in gold and silver and $11.74 in copper. The 

 14,267 tons of lead ore treated had a recover- 

 able value of $11.24 in gold and silver and of 

 $23.11 for all metals. The zinc ore shipped in 

 1913 amounted to 1,823 tons, which was con- 

 siderably less than in 1912. The recoverable 

 silver in 1913 amounted to 1,378,399 fine 

 ounces, valued at $832,553, an increase of 78,- 

 263 fine ounces in quantity and of $32,969 in 

 value. The copper ores from Shasta county 

 contained about 60 per cent, of the 1913 pro- 

 duction of silver from California. 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL NEWS 



Dr. Willum J. Young has given $25,000 to 

 the Medical Department of the University of 

 Georgia for the improvement of its library. 



The Company of Drapers of the City of 

 London has made a grant of £500 a year for 

 three years in aid of the work of the Depart- 

 ment of Applied Statistics at University Col- 

 lege, London, including the Galton Laboratory 

 of Eugenics and the Drapers' Biometric Labo- 

 ratory. 



Dr. Frederick A. Saunders has resigned the 

 professorship of physics in Syracuse Univer- 



