Septembee 11, 1914] 



SCIENCE 



385 



ordinary tungsten and carbon lamps consuming 

 the same amount of current. At the conclusion of 

 the session the faculty of Trinity College gave a 

 smoker complimentary to the members of the 

 academy. 



The annnal business meeting was held at 9 a.m. 

 on Saturday, May 2. Eeports of the executive and 

 other committees and of the secretary-treasurer 

 vpere read. An invitation for the academy to meet 

 at Wake Forest College in 1915 was accepted. A 

 committee was appointed to formulate and pre- 

 sent recommendations to the next legislature for 

 a statute regulating the ventilation of public 

 buildings in the state. A resolution was passed 

 endorsing President Sherman's suggestions con- 

 cerning a biological survey of the state. Four new 

 members were elected. These with present enroll- 

 ment of 64 give a total of 68 members. 



The following officers were elected for the en- 

 suing year: 



President — J. J. "Wolfe, Trinity College, Dur- 

 ham. 



Vice-president — A. H. Patterson, University of 

 North Carolina, Chapel Hill. 



Secretary-Treasurer — E. W. Gudger, State Nor- 

 mal College, Greensboro. 



Additional Members Executive Committee — W. 

 N. Hutt, State Department of Agriculture, Ra- 

 leigh; J. H. Pratt, State Geological Survey, 

 Chapel Hill; W. A. Withers, North Carolina Agri- 

 cultural Experiment Station, West Raleigh. 



At 9:45 the reading of papers was resumed 

 and continued until 12:30 when the program was 

 finished. The total attendance was 30 out of a 

 membership of 68. The number of papers on the 

 program was 30, of which only two were read by 

 title. Marked features of the meeting were the 

 considerable number of papers read and the dis- 

 cussions participated in by a large number of 

 those present. Including the presidential address, 

 which was published in full in the May number of 

 the Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific So- 

 ciety, the following papers were presented : 



Presidential address — Studies of the Animal Life 

 of North Carolina with Suggestions for a Bio- 

 logical Survey: F. Sherman, Jk. 

 The first questions asked when any animal or 

 plant arouses interest have to do with its identity, 

 distribution, seasonal activities and economic re- 

 lations, hence the need of biologists supplying this 

 information in some form available for reference. 

 Very little accurate information on these points 

 can be obtained from the public itself, it must be 



threshed out by careful work on the part of the 

 biologists. Many eases can be cited showing that 

 forms formerly believed to be harmless are really 

 important, as shown by discoveries in medical ento- 

 mology, hence our studies should include all forms 

 of life. Such studies should not only include the 

 listing of species, but also the mapping out of their 

 distribution, and the seasons of their occurrence 

 and activities. 



In this work in North Carolina, considerable 

 progress has been made in the study of the larger 

 marine invertebrates, chiefly at the government 

 Biological Laboratory at Beaufort. Land inverte- 

 brates exclusive of insects have been little studied. 

 In the insects, considerable progress has been made 

 in many groups, especially the order Orthoptera, 

 parts of the order Hemiptera, dragon-flies in the 

 Neuroptera, butterflies and larger moths in the 

 Lepidoptera, several families in the Diptera, a 

 large number of records in Coleoptera though only 

 a good start, and very little in the Hymenoptera. 



In the vertebrates, the fish fauna is already well 

 presented in ' ' Fishes of North Carolina, ' ' much 

 data has been accumulated regarding the batrach- 

 ians and reptiles, a volume on the birds is now in 

 course of preparation, and the mammals, on the 

 whole, are fairly well known. 



What has thus far been accomplished, has been 

 largely out of fondness for the subject, and quite 

 incidental to other duties, the data has been gath- 

 ered from publications and specimens collected by 

 many persons both within the state and from out- 

 side, and it is hoped that the biologists in the 

 state will attempt to complete, compile and pub- 

 lish these records in appropriate volumes until the 

 fauna of the state shall be definitely placed on 

 record. Botanists are urged to undertake the 

 same for the flora. 



Such studies would supplement and strengthen 

 the work of morphologists, and would aid the 

 study of such directly economic problems as the 

 life-histories of insects, spread of weeds and 

 fungous diseases, efficiency of birds in control of 

 pests, etc. 



Economic Geology of Chapel Hill, N. C. and Vi- 

 cinity: John E. Smith. 



GENERALIZED SECTION OF MANTLE ROCK 



Thick- 

 ness, Ft. 



1. Soil, "top soil," red to gray or black.. . 1 to 3 



2. Subsoil, fine, somewhat compact, red to 



yellow clay 3 to 10 



