October 23, 1914] 



SCIENCE 



593 



of medicine doing advanced work. Students 

 in the combined course present the baccalau- 

 reate degree before they are admitted to the 

 second year in medicine. 



In accordance with the agreements for co- 

 operation between the Massachusetts Institute 

 of Technology and Harvard University, fifteen 

 of the Harvard professors are to be added to 

 the instructing staff of the institute this year. 

 Their names and departments are the follow- 

 ing: — Mining Department: Professors Henry 

 Lloyd Smyth, Edward Dyer Peters, Albert 

 Sauveur, George Sharpe Eaymer, Charles 

 Henry White and Louis Caryl Graton. Me- 

 chanical Engineering Department: Professors 

 Lionel Simeon Marks and Arthur Edwin Nor- 

 ton. Drawing, Givil Engineering Department : 

 Professors George Fillmore Swain, Lewis 

 Jerome Johnson, Hector James Hughes and 

 George Chandler Whipple. Department of 

 Electrical Engineering : Professors Arthur 

 Edwin Kennelly, Harry Ellsworth Clifford and 

 Comfort Avery Adams. 



At the University of Pennsylvania promo- 

 tions include the following : Dr. Bradley Moore 

 Davis, to be professor of botany; Dr. Oliver 

 Edmunds Glen, to be professor of mathe- 

 matics; Dr. Howard Hawks Mitchell, to be 

 assistant professor of mathematics ; Dr. Melvin 

 Eeece Harkins and Dr. Dicran Hadjy Kabak- 

 jian, to be assistant professors of physics; Dr. 

 Samuel G. Barton, to be assistant professor of 

 astronomy. Dr. Lowell J. Reed has been ap- 

 pointed instructor in mathematics, and Mr. 

 E. J. Lund instructor in zoology. 



At Eutgers College Professor Alfred A. 

 Titsworth has been appointed dean of mechan- 

 ical arts and Professor Jacob C. Lipman, dean 

 of agriculture. 



Dr. Alexander J. Inglis has resigned as 

 professor of the science of teaching at Rutgers 

 College, to become assistant professor of edu- 

 cation in Harvard University. 



George H. Chadwick, for seven years pro- 

 fessor of geology at St. Lawrence University, is 

 now connected with the department of geology 

 at the University of Rochester. His successor 

 at St. Lawrence is Dr. C. J. Saxle. 



Dr. Charles Oscar Chambers has been ap- 

 pointed instructor in agriculture, biology and 

 applied chemistry at the George Peabody Col- 

 lege for Teachers. He comes from the Univer- 

 sity of Cincinnati, where he was acting head 

 of the department of biology last year. 



Dr. Paul B. Clark, of the Rockefeller In- 

 stitute for Medical Research, has been ap- 

 pointed associate professor of bacteriology in 

 the University of Wisconsin, succeeding Dr. 

 Mazyck P. Ravenel, who has gone to the Uni- 

 versity of Missouri, 



DISCUSSION AND COSBESFONDENCE 



HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT 



To THE Editor of Science : Some discussion 

 has been held lately in the columns of Science 

 concerning the question of the influence of 

 monarchs and the relations of heredity to the 

 manifestations of statecraft and warcraft in 

 rulers. Professor Woods has been one of the 

 champions of the view that monarchs and their 

 immediate kin show exceptional excellence in 

 both these lines, and he has based his thesis 

 on a wealth of illustration from history, that, 

 apart from his interpretation, must command 

 admiration as a scientific inquiry. 



One point will, I think, be admitted by all 

 who go somewhat deeply into the problem of 

 descent, and, that is, that starting with beings 

 of good physical and mental characteristics, 

 inbreeding will emphasize many of these and 

 produce a well marked and strong race. The 

 Jews and the Irish show this fact. Both have 

 been to a large extent close bred, due partly 

 to religious, partly to geographic conditions. 

 For centuries the Jew was separated from the 

 other races by his adhering to a peculiarly ex- 

 clusive religious code. The Irish — I refer, of 

 course to the Roman Catholic Irish — ^were for 

 centuries separated by island habitation, as 

 well as intense religious antagonisrr^, from 

 their nearest neighbors. Even in the melting 

 pot — the United States — ^the two strains have 

 been kept well apart from each other and 

 from the bulk of the population. Inter- 

 marriage between Jews and Christians, or be- 

 tween Irish Catholics and Protestants, or even 



