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SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XL. No. 1035 



the object of the questions is to inquire 

 whether the instructor is likely to help stu- 

 dents more if he carries on research than if 

 he does not, and my reply is in the aiErmative, 

 with the qualification that this is not based on 

 definite knowledge and that much depends on 

 conditions. There is probably a high corre- 

 lation between ability to carry on research 

 and ability to teach, and the productive 

 scholar or scientific man is more likely to 

 have a beneficial influence on the student 

 than a professor who does nothing but teach 

 and attend athletic events. 



15. The stimulating effect of research is 

 doubtless to a large extent due to professional 

 recognition, and in return professional recog- 

 nition stimulates research. The university 

 should consequently promote the means of 

 publication by professors and instructors, pay 

 their expenses to attend scientific meetings, 

 invite scholars and scientific men from other 

 institutions to lecture and give courses, ar- 

 range for the exchange of instructors and the 

 like. 



16. It is more desirable for instructors in 

 the department of education to study methods 

 of instruction than for instructors in other 

 departments to do so. 



lY. The more advanced a student is, the 

 more desirable is it that his instructors should 

 be engaged in research work. This would also 

 be desirable even in elementary schools, but it 

 is not at present feasible to obtain teachers 

 competent to do research work or to pay them. 

 Perhaps if salaries were more adequate all the 

 way from the elementary school to the univer- 

 sity, it might be possible to obtain men com- 

 petent to do research work, to the great benefit 

 of the students and of the world. 



18. Under existing conditions the college or 

 university which fails to provide for research 

 work by its instructors is likely to have me- 

 diocre teaching. The better men tend to 

 go to institutions where they will be encour- 

 aged to do research work and those who stay 

 are apt to adopt the attitude of the school- 

 master rather than that of the professor. The 

 university or college which does not regard 

 the advancement of knowledge and public 



service as part of its functions has small claim 

 to public support or private gifts, and is likely 

 to deteriorate in all directions. 



19. The amount of productive scholarship 

 and research work conducted in America has 

 increased many fold since the introduction of 

 graduate work in the universities in the 

 seventies, and at present three fourths of our 

 productive scientific men are supported by our 

 universities and colleges. The majority of 

 our leading scientific men are connected with 

 a few universities doing graduate work. 



20. It is obvious that if the instructor 

 devotes all his time to teaching, he can not 

 do research work. The science in which Amer- 

 ica was most productive, prior to the introduc- 

 tion of the modern university, was astronomy, 

 in which subject a large amount of under- 

 graduate teaching was not required. Those 

 men doing the most valuable work do not 

 devote the larger part of their time to under- 

 graduate or class teaching. A professor can 

 teach by example as well as by lecturing. 



21. I doubt whether most administrative 

 work by instructors has a stimulating and 

 broadening effect on their teaching. One of 

 the chief dangers to the American university 

 is that honor, influence and salary are given to 

 administrative ofiicers instead of to the pro- 

 ductive scholars and men of science who are 

 the university. 



J. McKeen Oattell 



SECTION OF ZOOLOGY OF TEE AMERICAN 

 ASSOCIATION 

 Section F — Zoology — of the American As- 

 sociation for the Advancement of Science wiU 

 hold its annual meeting at Philadelphia, De- 

 cember 29, 30 and 31, in conjunction with 

 the American Society of Zoologists and the 

 American Society of ISTaturalists. All ses- 

 sions will be held in the lecture room of the 

 zoological department of the University of 

 Pennsylvania. A joint symposium has been 

 arranged for the afternoon of Thursday, De- 

 cember 31, with the following program: 



E. G. Conklin — The cultural value of zoology. 

 C. B. Davenport — The value of scientific geneal- 

 ogy- 



