OCTOBEE 30, 1914] 



SCIENCE 



635 



Belt Line directly into the exposition 

 grounds. When foreign exhibits reach San 

 Francisco bay by steamer they are barged to 

 the exposition freight ferry slip. 



In Virginia there are YOO school and civic 

 leagues organized in the country school dis- 

 tricts by the Cooperative Education Associa- 

 tion, which is a citizens' organization work- 

 ing in conjunction with the State Department 

 of Education. A school and civic league is 

 " a social club, school betterment association 

 and chamber of commerce set down in a coun- 

 try neighborhood and holding its meetings in 

 the schoolhouse. Officers are elected, meet- 

 ings are held monthly or fortnightly, and the 

 teacher is a leading spirit in all activities." 

 It is a means of community education for 

 practical citizenship adapted to rural condi- 

 tions and needs. In addition to musicals, 

 spelling bees, and other social activities, discus- 

 sion and debate of public questions, primarily 

 of local interest, occupy the meetings. The 

 Cooperative Education Association sends to 

 each league programs on such questions as 

 health, good roads and better farming. A 

 home reading course has been established, 

 based on a text-book on some rural subject 

 and supplemented by bulletins from the sev- 

 eral state departments and from the College of 

 Agriculture. Upon the completion of the 

 course members are awarded certificates. The 

 civic training afforded by the leagues comes 

 largely, however, through activity in behalf of 

 better community conditions. One league last 

 year raised $2,500 for the improvement of the 

 roads leading to the school, and this year the 

 good roads meeting held in a one-room school 

 started a movement for an automobile road 

 over 100 miles in length. The improvement 

 of the school itself is, of course, one of the 

 chief interests of the leagues. In 1912-13 

 they collectively raised $65,000 which was ex- 

 pended for libraries, pictures, pianos, window 

 shades and other improvements. In a sparsely 

 settled section of Charles City County, which 

 until a year ago had no school facilities, a 

 league was formed, an old farm building was 

 rented and furnished with a few chairs and a 

 table, and the school trustees were requested 



to supply a teacher. Interest increased and 

 finally a model one-room school building was 

 erected, partly by public funds and partly by 

 money raised by the league. Many high 

 schools in Virginia have been built in just 

 this way. 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL NEWS 



The corporation of Yale University has ap- 

 proved plans for the new pathological labor- 

 atory of the Medical School, in connection 

 with the New Haven Hospital. This build- 

 ing is to be called the Anthony N. Brady Me- 

 morial, and is a gift of members of the Brady 

 family. 



The Baltimore Association for the Promo- 

 tion of the University Education of Women 

 again offers a fellowship of $600 for the year 

 1915-16 available for study at an American 

 or European university. Applications must 

 be in the hands of Dr. Mary Sherwood, chair- 

 man of the committee on award, before Jan- 

 uary 1, 1915. 



The trustees of Princeton University have 

 increased the tuition for regular students from 

 $160 to $175 a year, beginning September, 

 1915. The remission of tuition which is 

 granted to needy students has been increased 

 from $100 to $115. 



Beginning this autumn only the degree of 

 bachelor of arts will be awarded to students 

 of the college of the University of Pennsyl- 

 vania, the degree of bachelor of science in the 

 arts course having been discontinued. 



Professor A. IST. Winchell, of the Univer- 

 sity of Wisconsin, is trying the experiment of 

 teaching the microscopic study of minerals 

 and rocks by correspondence, under the aus- 

 pices of the Extension Division of the Uni- 

 versity. Each student must be equipped with 

 his own petrographic microscope and thin 

 sections. 



The Aix-en-Provence University has in- 

 vited the Belgian universities to send their 

 faculties and students to Aix, offering to pro- 

 vide free lodging for the students. The uni- 

 versity has asked the minister of education 

 for the privilege of granting degrees to the 

 refugee students. 



