768 



SCIENCE 



[N. 8. Vol. XL. No. 1039 



tural remains found at the same level. He 

 does however mention some of the numerous 

 accompanying fauna: Rhinoceros merchii, 

 stag, horse, ox and cave bear. There was also 

 an abundance of charcoal and flint imple- 

 ments, the latter for the most part apparently 

 retouched points and scrapers. 



Two human teeth (one of a child and one 

 of an adult) had already been found in the 

 lower travertine of Taubaeh. During the sum- 

 mer of 1908, Dr. Pfeiffer found human skuU 

 fragments in the same deposit at Ehringsdorf. 



Both Obermaier and Schmidt consider the 

 lower travertine of Ehringsdorf (the deposit 

 in which the lower jaw was recently found) 

 and Taubaeh to be older than Mousterian. 

 Although it contains no typical coups de 

 poings, on account of the character of the 

 fauna as well as the industry, Obermaier would 

 call the deposit of Ohellean age. For Schmidt, 

 who has recently published examples of the 

 industry, it is Acheulian. 



In any case all are evidently agreed that 

 the deposit belongs to the Eiss-Wiirm inter- 

 glacial epoch. In that case according to one 

 school it might be Chellean, Acheulian, or 

 early Mousterian; according to the school of 

 Penck, it would have to be later Mousterian, 

 since he places early Mousterian during the 

 Hiss glacial epoch and the Chellean-Acheulian 

 during the second or Mindel-Riss interglacial 

 epoch. 



Whichever view is correct, on account of 

 its anatomical characters, as well as the posi- 

 tion of the deposit and the nature of the asso- 

 ciated cultural and faunal remains, the an- 

 thropologist may justly claim for the Weimar 

 lower jaw an antiquity surpassed perhaps only 

 by the skull of Piltdown and the Mauer 

 {Homo heidelbergensis) lower jaw. 



George Grant MaoCuedt 



Yale University, 

 New Haven, Conn. 



TME CHICAGO MEETING OF TEE NA- 

 TIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 

 The National Academy of Sciences will 

 meet December Y, 8 and 9 at the University 

 of Chicago. Social headquarters will be at 



the Quadrangle Club, 58th Street and Uni- 

 versity Avenue, where the members will meet 

 for the first time December 7, 1:00 p.m., for 

 luncheon. A feature of the meeting will be 

 the second course of William Ellery Hale 

 lectures on evolution, two lectures by Pro- 

 fessor William Wallace Campbell, director of 

 the Lick Observatory, on Stellar Evolution 

 and the Eormation of the Earth. These lec- 

 tures and four sessions with papers by mem- 

 bers of the academy and others will be open 

 to the public. 



The council will meet at 4:30 p.m., Decem- 

 ber Y, at the Quadrangle Club. 



A preliminary program of the scientific 

 papers is as follows : 



I. Mathematics 



Gilbert Ames Bliss: A Generalisation of a 

 Theorem of Gauss Concerning Geodesic Tri- 

 angles. 



If a line OA of unit length is parallel to the 

 normal at a point a of a surface ;S, then A may 

 be regarded as the image of a on the unit sphere 

 with center at 0. It is a theorem, due to Gauss 

 that the difference between ir and the sum of the 

 angles of a geodesic triangle on the surface is 

 numerically equal to the area of the image of the 

 triangle when each point is mapped on the sphere 

 as above described. The paper is concerned with 

 a generalization of this theorem. The magnitudes 

 involved in the statement of the theorem, angles, 

 the equations of the geodesic lines, the area of the 

 image of the triangle, are expressible in terms of 

 invariants associated with the integral of length 

 on the surface .S. For a more general integral of 

 the calculus of variations some of the analogous 

 invariants have been found by the author and 

 other writers. In the present paper the remaining 

 invariants are described, and a theorem corre- 

 sponding to that of Gauss is deduced. 



Leonard E. Dickson: Becent Progress in the 

 Theories of Modular and Formal Invariants. 

 Contrast between algebraic and modular in- 

 variants. Formal invariants and their construc- 

 tion. Modular plane curves for modulus 2. 



G. A. Miller: The 4>-subgroup of a Group of finite 



order. 



In 1885 Frattini introduced the 0-subgroup of a 

 finite group G as the characteristic subgroup 

 whose individual operators enter into no set of 



