774 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XL. No. 1039 



Julius Stieglitz: Molecular Rearrangements of 



Triphenylmethyl Derivatives. 



The study of the molecular rearrangements of 

 triphenylmethyl derivatives was planned to shed 

 light on the classical rearrangements of oximes, 

 aeyl azides, aeyl halogen amides, etc., and to test the 

 author's theory concerning the nature and causes 

 of these rearrangements. The investigation has 

 been developed in four directions: (1) Triphenyl- 

 methylhydroxylamines, halogen amines and azides 

 have been shown to give the same products of re- 

 arrangement. (2) Derivatives of the unsymmetri- 

 «al radicles (C„H,),(CeH,X)C-, (CeH,) (C„"h,X),C-, 

 and (C„H„)(C,H,X)(aH.Y)C- yield quantitatively 

 the same ratio of products in the different groups 

 as far as these have been examined. (3) Com- 

 plete proof of the rearrangement of (CaH5)3- 

 G-NCHs-OH and of the course of the action has 

 been brought — the first rearangement of the kind 

 ever observed. (4) Eearrangement of the hydra- 

 zine (C„Hb)3C.NH.NH.C(C„H,)3 has been ef- 

 fected — the first instance of a hydrazine rear- 

 rangement of this type. 



.E. W. Washburn: Our Systematic Knowledge of 



ihe Properties and Behavior of Solutions of 



Mon-electrolytes. 



A satisfactory theory of solutions must first of 

 'slU give us an answer to the question : What is the 

 relation connecting the thermodynamic potential 

 (or the fugacity, or the osmotic pressure) of a 

 given molecular species in a solution with the com- 

 position of that solution, its pressure and its tem- 

 perature? When this relation is known for any 

 given class of solutions we are at once in a posi- 

 tion to calculate the values of such quantities as 

 freezing points, boiling points, vapor pressures, 

 osmotic pressures, solubilities, equilibrium, con- 

 stants, etc., for solutions of known composition; 

 or vice versa by directly measuring the above 

 «iuantities we may compute the molecular compo- 

 sition of our solutions and discover what reac- 

 tions, if any, have taken place between the various 

 components of the solution. 



The purpose of this paper is (1) to outline and 

 describe (a) the manner in which, (6) the extent 

 to which, and (c) the conditions under which the 

 above question is satisfactorily answered by our 

 present systematic knowledge of solutions; (2) to 

 state a number of the laws of solutions as formu- 

 lated in terms of this theory; and (3) to pre- 

 sent some experimental data illustrative of the 

 quantitative agreement between theory and experi- 

 ment. 



v. Geophysics and Geology 



L. A. Bauek: Present Status of the General Mag- 

 netic Survey of the Globe. 



On April 1, 1914, the Department of Terrestrial 

 Magnetism of the Carnegie Institution of Wash- 

 ington had completed the first decade of its exist- 

 ence. One of the first tasks undertaken was a gen- 

 eral magnetic survey of the globe. During the 

 period 1905-1914, 47 land expeditions to 107 dif- 

 ferent countries and island-groups, in all regions 

 of the earth, were sent out. Magnetic observa- 

 tions have been made by these expeditions at 

 3,000 points, extending from 80° north to 70° 

 south. The total length of the cruises of the two 

 vessels used in the ocean magnetic work, the 

 Galilee (1905-1908) and the Carnegie (1909- 

 1914), is 161,000 miles. By the end of 1916, the 

 first general magnetic survey of the globe for the 

 region between about 70° north and 70° south, or 

 for about 90 per cent, of the total area, will have 

 been completed. Satisfactory progress has like- 

 wise been made in the atmospheric-electric work. 

 Perhaps the most important result of the observa- 

 tions made on the Galilee and the Carnegie is a 

 confirmation of the somewhat striking phenomenon 

 that, while the conductivity over the ocean is, on 

 the average, at least as great as over land, the 

 radioactive content is much smaller. The values 

 of the potential gradient obtained at sea were of 

 the same order of magnitude as those on land. 



T. 0. Chambeblin: The Fundamental Segmenta- 

 tion of the Earth. 



The paper proceeds on the assumptions (1) that 

 the earth-body is and always has been an elastic 

 solid, (2) that it is and always has been crystal- 

 line throughout, (3) that the specific gravity of 

 its constituents varies appreciably throughout its 

 mass, (4) that it grew up by accessions which 

 varied in the velocities with which they were 

 added and in the positions at which the additions 

 took place, and (5) in general, that the mode of 

 growth was that postulated by the planetesimal 

 hypothesis. It is further assumed that the nebu- 

 lar knot which constituted the nucleus of the earth- 

 growth inherited (1) a certain unknown measure 

 of rotation from the sun, (2) that successive 

 changes in the rate of rotation arose later from 

 the accessions, and (3) that still other changes 

 arose from the contraction of the mass as it ad- 

 justed itself to the stresses incident to its growth 

 and to the progress of internal reorganization. 



