December 1], 1914] 



SCIENCE 



855 



ferent way from other men. Instead of setting 

 such a man apart as a research professor, we 

 should let him understand that withdrawal from 

 the lecture room and relief from the duties of 

 supervising elementary students carry with them 

 a larger obligation to publish as fully as possible 

 the results of all discoveries, to organize depart- 

 ments intelligently, to train up young men who 

 can teach; and to make liberal room for such men, 

 instead of trying to get in their way when their 

 work becomes popular. 



The routine work of teaching, if done under 

 favorable conditions, is often a positive help 

 to a scientific or literary man in keeping his 

 nerves steady. Very fev^ scholars, however 

 productive, can write well all the time. Very 

 few investigators, however well qualified, can 

 make a continuous series of discoveries. If a 

 man has nothing to occupy him in his less fer- 

 tile intervals he will be tempted either to 

 remain wholly idle or to publish second-rate 

 books and pseudo-discoveries. A teaching posi- 

 tion enables him to fill his time with work 

 sufficiently close to his lines of productive 

 activity to be stimulating and yet with enough 

 of routine in it to make it healthful. And to 

 most men this combination of teaching with 

 research gives positive enjojrment of a high 

 order. We may well remember the words of 

 Lord Kelvin in connection with his receipt 

 of the degree of Doctor of Laws from Tale in 

 1902: 



There is one point on which I specially desire to 

 speak. College professors should be permitted and 

 given the means to do research work. On this 

 matter of research I feel deeply. At the same 

 time I do not believe it wise to have a research 

 laboratory without teaching. It is a pleasure for 

 a professor to meet students and to tell them what 

 he can, and a greater pleasure if he can make them 

 understand, and the greatest pleasure if he can 

 widen the borders of their knowledge. To com- 

 bine research work with teaching is most valuable 

 both for student and teacher. 



This is not intended as an argument against 

 the establishment of institutions for research. 

 There is room outside of the universities for 

 all the endowments which we now have for 

 productive work in science and letters, and for 

 many more. There is as much difference of 



temperament among investigators as there is 

 among men of any other kind. Some do better 

 research work when they are relieved of the 

 necessity of teaching. For these we should 

 have independent foundations. Others, whom 

 I believe to be a decided majority, do better 

 research work in connection with university 

 positions. I regard it as a most fortunate cir- 

 cumstance that we are able to make provision 

 for men of both kinds. 



ISTor is this intended as an argument against 

 appointing men to professorial positions who 

 are inspiring teachers rather than productive 

 scholars. Our colleges need all the good teach- 

 ers that we now have, whether they are pro- 

 ductive scholars or not. But with a large 

 number of men good teaching and productive 

 scholarship ought to be conjoined; and it would 

 be most unfortunate for such men themselves, 

 for our universities, and for America's prog- 

 ress in science and letters, if we attempted to 

 dissociate things that so generally belong to- 

 gether. — From the annual report of President 

 Arthur T. Hadley, Tale University. 



SCIENTIFIC BOOKS 

 List of Prime Numbers from 1 to 10,006,721. 



By Derrick Norman Lehmee. Carnegie 



Institution of Washington, Publication No. 



165, 1914. Pp. XV + 133. 



By the publication of his factor table for 

 the first ten million natural numbers (Publica- 

 tion 105, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 

 1909) Professor Lehmer offered to the public 

 a monumental work which will probably re- 

 main a model of its kind for centuries in view 

 of its accuracy. The present work is based 

 upon this factor table and was prepared with 

 equal care. The pages are of the same size in 

 these two publications, but the present volume 

 is not quite one third as large as its predeces- 

 sor. 



Since the natural numbers are fundamental 

 in many mathematical theories, it is not in- 

 frequently useful to know whether a given 

 number is prime. The direct determination 

 of this property is generally very laborious 

 when the number is large. Hence a reliable 

 table may save an enormous amount of labor. 



