SCIENCE 



Friday, Decembee 18, 1914 



CONTENTS 



The Value of Research to Industry : Dk. Eat- 

 MOND F. Bacon 871 



Oceanographio Cruise of the Schooner "Gram- 

 pus ' ' : De. Henrt B. Bigelow 881 



A Fossil Botanical Garden: Dr. John M. 

 Clarke 884 



Secent Changes in the Boston Museum of 

 Natural Sistory 884 



The Proposed Toronto Meeting of the Amer- 

 ican Association 885 



Scientific Notes and News 886 



University and Educational News 890 



Discussion and Correspondence: — 



Teaching and Besearch: Professor T. D. 

 A. Cockeeell. A Note on Apparatus Re- 

 pair: G. B. O. The Tenterton Steeple and 

 the Goodwin Sands: Maximilian Braam. 891 



Scientific BooTcs: — 



Eager Bacon: Peopessor Louis C. Kak- 

 PiNSKi. Martin on the Birds of the Latin 

 Poets: Ha BEY C. Obeeholser. Shreve on a 

 Montane Bain Forest: Professor Duncan 

 S. Johnson. Bies and Watson's Engineer- 

 ing Geology: W. H. Emmons. Henderson's 

 Die Umwelt des Lebens: E. S. L 894 



The Oxidation of Nitrogen : Dr. W. W. Strong. 899 



Garbage Incinerator at Barmen, Germany: 

 Julius Festneb 903 



Special Articles: — 

 A Possible Mendelian Explanation for a 

 Type of Inheritance Apparently non-Men- 

 delian in Nature: Dr. C. C. Little. The 

 Structure of the Cotton Fiber: B. S. Levine. 904 



M3S. intended for publication and books, etc., intended for 

 review sbould be sent to Profesaor J. McKeen Cattell, Garriaon- 

 on-Hudson, N. Y. 



TBE VALVE OF BESEABCS TO INDUSTRY^ 

 The large chemical industries and, in 

 fact, all branches of chemical technology 

 have been immensely developed during the 

 nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and 

 the achievements of chemistry in the arts 

 and industries have been stupendous and 

 varied. In particular, industrial research 

 — definable as "the catalysis of raw ma- 

 terials by brains" — has been and is being 

 increasingly fostered by chemical manu- 

 facturers, and this has led to the aecrue- 

 ment of important novelties and improve- 

 ments. 



Many excellent resumes of the develop- 

 ment of industrial chemistry during the 

 modern chemical period have appeared in 

 the literature. I shall only remind you 

 that these indicate how industrial chemis- 

 try has been elevated by a continuous in- 

 fusion of scientific spirit, and that manu- 

 facturing, once entirely a matter of em- 

 pirical judgment and individual skill, is 

 more and more becoming a system of scien- 

 tific processes. Quantitative measurements 

 are replacing guesswork, and thus waste 

 is diminished and economy of production 

 insured. In the United States, several de- 

 cades ago, few industrial establishments 

 furnished regular employment to chem- 

 ists, but now American manufacturers are 

 becoming more and more appreciative of 

 scientific research, and the results so far 

 obtained have resulted in far-reaching im- 

 provements. In the production of a metal 

 from its ores, or of benzene derivatives 

 from coal-tar, it is chemistry that points 



1 An address delivered, by invitation, at the in- 

 augural meeting of the session of the Eojal Ca- 

 nadian Institute, Toronto, November 7, 1914. 



f'-'^/a 



