880 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XL. No. 1042 



which they may be published. They also 

 secure to him patent rights. They give 

 highly specialized training to properly 

 qualified men, and often secure for them 

 permanent positions and shares in the prof- 

 its of their discoveries. It should be obvi- 

 ous at the outset that a fellowship of this 

 character can be successful only when there 

 are close confidential relations obtaining 

 between the manufacturer and the officer 

 in charge of the research; for no such co- 

 operation can be really effective unless 

 based upon a thorough mutual familiarity 

 with the conditions and an abiding faith in 

 the integrity and sincerity of purpose of 

 each other. It is likely to prove a poor in- 

 vestment for a manufacturer to seek the 

 aid of an investigator if he is unwilling to 

 take such expert into his confidence and to 

 familiarize him with all the local and other 

 factors which enter into the problem from 

 a manufacturing standpoint. 



According to the system of industrial 

 research in operation at The Mellon Insti- 

 tute of Industrial Research of the Univer- 

 sity of Pittsburgh,^ a manufacturer having 

 a problem requiring solution may become 

 the donor of a fellowship: said manufac- 

 turer provides the salary of the fellow 

 selected to conduct the investigation de- 

 sired, the institute furnishing such facil- 

 ities as are necessary for the conduct of 

 the work. 



The money paid in to found a fellowship 

 is paid over by the institute in salary to 

 the investigator doing the work. In every 

 case, this researcher is most carefully 

 selected for the problem in hand. The in- 

 stitute supplies free laboratory space and 

 the use of all ordinary chemicals and equip- 

 ment. The fellow who is studying the 

 problem works under the immediate super- 



2 On the progress which has been made in in- 

 dustrial fellowships, see E. F. Bacon, J. ffranU. 

 Inst., November, 1914, 623. 



vision of men who are thoroughly trained 

 and experienced in conducting industrial 

 research. 



At the present time. The Mellon Insti- 

 tute, which, while an integral part of the 

 University of Pittsburgh, has its own en- 

 dowment, is expending over $150,000 annu- 

 ally for salaries and maintenance. A manu- 

 facturer secures for a small expenditure — 

 just sufficient to pay the salary of the 

 chemist engaged on the investigation — all 

 the benefits of an organization of this size, 

 and many have availed themselves of the 

 advantages. 



Each fellow has the benefit of the insti- 

 tute's very excellent apparatus, chemical 

 and library equipment — facilities which 

 are so essential in modem research; and 

 because of these opportunities and that of 

 being able to pursue post-graduate work 

 for a higher degree, it has been demon- 

 strated that a higher type of research 

 chemist can be obtained by the institute 

 for a certain remuneration than can be 

 generally secured by manufacturers. 



There is a scarcity of men gifted with 

 the genius for research, and it requires 

 much experience in selecting suitable men 

 and in training them to the desirable degree 

 of efficiency, after having determined the 

 special qualities required. Important qual- 

 ifications in industrial researches are keen- 

 ness, inspiration and confidence; these are 

 often unconsidered by manufacturers, who, 

 in endeavoring to select a research chemist, 

 are likely to regard every chemist as a 

 qualified scientific scout. 



All researches conducted at The Mellon 

 Institute are surrounded with the necessary 

 secrecy, and any and all discoveries made 

 by the fellow during the term of his fellow- 

 ship become the property of the donor. 



It is well said in the Reports of the 

 Twelfth Census of the United States that 



