58 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLIII. No. 1098 



assistants well worth trying. It should be 

 stated that this arrangement was not due 

 to a lack of opportunity for research 

 laboratory work in the hospital. The uni- 

 versity hospital has two spacious and well- 

 equipped laboratories, one in the hospital 

 proper for the usual routine examinations 

 and the other, The William Pepper Lab- 

 oratory of Clinical Medicine, in a separate 

 building, with an independent endowment 

 and a large staff, engaged in the various 

 research problems arising in connection 

 with clinical observation in the wards. The 

 cooperation with the department of re- 

 search medicine, which has its laboratory 

 in the medical school building, was for 

 the purpose of enlarging the opportunities 

 of the department of medicine and the de- 

 partment of research medicine by bringing 

 the latter into closer contact with the prob- 

 lems of the wards, and allowing workers in 

 the former department the utilization of 

 the methods of the fundamental sciences in 

 the solution of their problems and the 

 broadening of their training. During the 

 three years this arrangement has been in 

 operation the results have been most grati- 

 fying and the arrangement has been of 

 advantage to both departments. The re- 

 search work of the two men concerned has 

 been in part the study of patients under 

 their care by the detailed methods of met- 

 abolic investigation and the use of func- 

 tional tests, in part experimental work on 

 animals in connection with fundamental 

 problems, and in part the careful testing 

 out of new methods of possible clinical ap- 

 plication. Fully a third of the researches 

 of the department completed during the 

 past three years have been published under 

 their names, either as independent authors 

 or in collaboration with other members of 

 the staif. On the side of productive re- 

 search this is for them a most creditable 

 showing; on the other side, that of their 



development as clinical teachers, there is 

 abundant evidence that they have found 

 this experience of great value. But for the 

 university there is also something gained. 

 Men desiring to devote themselves to a 

 career as teachers of medicine can by this 

 cooperation gain the proper balance be- 

 tween teaching, research and routine ward 

 work without one phase suffering at the ex- 

 pense of the other. They can keep at all 

 times in touch with each field of activity, 

 and when the time comes that a man is 

 overwhelmed by the lure of the clinic and 

 finds that he must curtail the time given 

 to fundamental research, and feels obliged 

 to limit his investigations to the hospital 

 laboratory, the university has the assurance 

 that his fundamental laboratory training 

 has been satisfactory. On the other hand, 

 it is to be hoped that such a system will 

 occasionally stimulate and hold the rarer 

 type of clinical mind which finds its great- 

 est satisfaction in the solution of the more 

 difficult fundamental problems of medicine 

 rather than in the practical applications of 

 the clinical laboratory. Clinical medicine 

 needs most men who would rather blaze a 

 new path than clear the trail of those who 

 have gone before. It is only through con- 

 scientious effort in the fundamental inves- 

 tigation of disease that such can be devel- 

 oped. To assist in developing men of this 

 type is a function of the research labora- 

 tory in the university but, falling short of 

 this, it can do what is perhaps only second 

 in importance — cultivate proper ideals in 

 its younger clinical teachers. 



3. ELECTIVE COUKSES 



The requirement, in the deed of gift, 

 that the department should engage in 

 teaching to the extent of not less than fifteen 

 lectures or demonstrations in each year has 

 been met by offering special elective courses, 

 dealing with the experimental side of medi- 



