182 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLIII. No. 1101 



This study has been intensive for a compara- 

 tively small number of individuals rather than a 

 superficial examination of a large number, with 

 the result that the parasites found are all in first- 

 class condition for detailed study. This has made 

 it possible for us to add ten new species of trema- 

 todes, two new species of nematodes and one new 

 species of acanthocephala to the large list of hel- 

 manthes found in the fishes of the Bermudas and 

 the Dry Tortugas by Linton (190S; 1910). We 

 have also been able to add considerably to the 

 meager descriptions of some species as well as to 

 identify a number of Linton's undetermined spe- 

 cies. 



This and future intensive study of the parasitic 

 fauna of the Bermudas has been made possible 

 through the assistance of the Museum of Compara- 

 tive Zoology of Harvard University and the 

 Bache Fund of the National Academy of Sciences. 



Increase in Opportunities for WorJc at the Ber- 

 muda Biological Station (illustrated with lan- 

 tern) : E. L. Mark, Harvard University. 

 By a recent agreement between the Bermuda 

 Natural History Society and Harvard University, 

 the Bermuda Biological Station for Research, 

 which has hitherto been in operation for only six 

 or eight weeks each summer, is now to be open 

 throughout the year. Harvard has appointed Hi. 

 William' J. Crozier, resident naturalist and Mrs. 

 Crozier, librarian and recorder. Dr. and Mrs. 

 Crozier are living in one of the cottages on Agar's 

 Island, where the station and the Bermuda Public 

 Aquarium are located. The new arrangement wiU 

 permit the investigation of classes of problems 

 which could not be undertaken duriag a sojourn of 

 a few weeks in midsummer, and will give oppor- 

 tunity to study seasonal variations as well as the 

 times of fruiting and spawning. Not the least of 

 the advantages resulting from this change is the 

 opportunity it will give biologists to carry on work 

 at a midocean station at any time of the year 

 when they may choose to avail themselves of it. 



The laboratory has accommodations for about 

 a dozen investigators. It is not proposed at pres- 

 ent to charge any fee for the privileges of the sta- 

 tion. The purpose is to provide facilities for per- 

 sons who are competent to carry on original work, 

 and for such only; no instruction is offered; and 

 the station is not to be used for the purpose of 

 making miscellaneous collections of commercial 

 value. The staff of the station will endeavor to 

 procure and prepare at moderate cost material 

 needed for investigations or for use in teaching. 



Having completed the papers listed on the 

 printed program, the following papers, received 

 too late to be printed on the program, with the 

 consent of the society were read: 

 The Cranial Nerves of an Adult Cceoelian: H. W. 

 Norms, Grinnell College. 



Two types: (1) Bye covered by the maxilla, 

 eyeball very rudimentary, no optic nerve, no eye- 

 muscle nerves, except abducens, no eye-muscles; 

 (2) Eye not covered by maxilla, shows character- 

 istic structure with nerves and muscles. Abducens 

 in both innervates the retractor tentaculi muscle. 



Lateral line components absent. Olfactory 

 nerve apparently double, but actually merely exag- 

 gerating the condition found in other Amphibia. 

 Two ganglia on trigeminal-nerve, as noted by 

 previous writers. General cutaneous component 

 in facial nerve, blending anteriorly with the tri- 

 geminal. 



Previous writers (Marcus excepted) have repre- 

 sented posterior to the seventh and eighth nerves 

 a complex with very puzzling characteristics. Re- 

 solved into its components this complex consists of: 

 a ramus jugularis VII. that extends far back in 

 the body to innervate the sphincter colli muscle; 

 a sympathetic trunk, with two large ganglia, that 

 has its origin in the gasserian and facial ganglia 

 and reaches far beyond the posterior limits of the 

 head; the IX.-X. nerve trunk with two distinct 

 ganglia; an occipital nerve that passes through 

 the posterior part of the first IX.-X. ganglion; 

 the first, second and third spinal nerves, the first 

 of which gives origin to the hypoglossal nerve, the 

 second of which sends a branch through the sec- 

 ond sympathetic ganglion, and the third of which 

 sends a branch into the posterior tip of the same 

 ganglion. 

 The Advancing Pendulum of Biological Thought: 



C. C. Nutting, State University of Iowa. 



The figure of an advancing pendulum correctly 

 represents the course of scientific progress. The 

 alternate swings to right and left culminate in 

 extreme positions, but the net result is a real ad- 

 vance. 



The NeoDarwinian swing led by Weismann. Its 

 extreme position and the net gain. 



The NeoLamarckian swing led by the "Ameri- 

 can School." The extreme position of E. D. Cope 

 and the net gain. 



The Mendelian swing led by Bateson, Castle and 

 others. The extreme position of Bateson. A bio- 

 logical justification of the theological doctrines of 

 foreordination and regeneration. The net gain. 



General principles deduced from this discussion. 



