Februaby 18, 1916] 



SCIENCE 



233 



fornia, approximate fifty thousand dollars. It 

 ■would therefore be necessary that it have 

 an endowment of approximately one million 

 dollars. 



In the absence of this foundation, it would 

 of course be possible to make a reasonably 

 satisfactory beginning on the work which has 

 been outlined in the following less expensive 

 manner. A working plant might be estab- 

 lished, on ground rented or purchased at a 

 low figure, for about ten thousand dollars ; the 

 salary of a director, his assistant, a clerical 

 helper, and combined mechanic and laborer 

 might be estimated at the same figure ; the cost 

 of animals and of maintenance of the plant 

 would approximate five thousand dollars. 

 Thus, we should obtain as an estimate of the 

 expenditures for the first year twenty-five 

 thousand dollars. Without expansion, the 

 work might be conducted during the second 

 year for fifteen thousand dollars, and subse- 

 quently it might be curtailed or expanded, re- 

 sources permitting, according as results 

 achieved and in prospect justified. 



An institute established on such a modest 

 basis as this still might render largely impor- 

 tant scientific service through its own research 

 and through organized cooperation with other 

 existing research establishments. Thus, for 

 example, supposing that behavioristic, psycho- 

 logical, sociological and genetic inquiries were 

 conducted in the institute itself, animals might 

 be supplied on a mutually satisfactory basis to 

 institutes for experimental medicine, for 

 physiological research, and for anatomical 

 studies. Under such conditions, it is con- 

 ceivable that extremely economical and good 

 use might be made of all the available primate 

 materials. But it is not improbable that even 

 cooperative research would prove on the whole 

 more profitable, except possibly in the case of 

 morphological work, if investigators could con- 

 duct their studies in the institute itself rather 

 than in distant laboratories. In any event, the 

 idea of cooperation should be prominent in 

 connection with the organization of a research 

 station for the study of the primates. For 

 thus, evidently, scientific achievement in con- 

 nection with these important types of animal 



might be vastly increased over what would be 

 possible in a single relatively small institution 

 with a limited and necessarily specialized staff 

 of workers. 



Finally, I wish to emphasize the important 

 relations of the plan which I have outlined to 

 strictly human interests and problems. It is 

 eminently desirable that all studies of infra- 

 human organisms, and especially those of the 

 primates which are most similar, structurally 

 and functionally, to man, should be made to 

 contribute to the solution of our own intensely 

 practical, medical, social and psychological 

 problems. During our own generation, it has 

 been amply demonstrated that knowledge based 

 upon observation of other organisms may be of 

 extreme value to man, and there is every rea- 

 son to suppose that the solution of many of 

 the most interesting and pressing problems of 

 experimental medicine, of human geneties, 

 physiology, psychology, sociology and eco- 

 nomics may be solved, at least in large meas- 

 ure, most directly and economically through 

 the use of the monkeys and anthropoid apes. 



"Were I required to designate the chiefly sig- 

 nificant points of contact between studies of 

 the lower primates and practical endeavor to- 

 ward human betterment, I should name the 

 medical, the sociological, and the psycholog- 

 ical. For I am wholly convinced by my own 

 experience as well as by that of others that the 

 various medical sciences and medical practise 

 have vastly more to gain than has yet been 

 achieved, or than any considerable niunber of 

 medical experts imagine, from the persistent 

 and ingenious use of the monkeys and anthro- 

 poid apes in experimental inquiry. Likewise, 

 I am convinced that education and all other 

 forms of social service will profit immeasurably 

 from experimental studies of the fundamental 

 instincts of the other primates and from thor- 

 ough investigation of the forms of habit forma- 

 tion and of the characteristics of social rela- 

 tions. And last, but not least important, it is 

 safe to assume that our genetic psychology as 

 well as other historical or genetic forms of 

 biological description may be developed more 

 rapidly and satisfactorily by the thorough 



