TtoEUABT 25, 1916] 



SCIENCE 



263 



known. I have myself seen a supposedly 

 "secret" process which had been in print 

 for many years and was doubtless koown to 

 all competitors. Temporary secrecy, pend- 

 ing applications for patents, is of course not 

 objectionable, but permanent secrecy is 

 wrong. The man who uses science in devel- 

 oping his industry owes something to sci- 

 ence in return. In the long run, moreover, 

 publicity regarding scientific investigations 

 is profitable. With a liberal policy, each 

 manufacturer would give out his own small 

 contributions to science, and receive the re- 

 sults obtained by all others in return. The 

 practise of secrecy, to use the common 

 phrase, is penny wise and pound foolish. 



I plead, therefore, not only for coopera- 

 tion in pure research, but also for greater 

 cooperation, for more reciprocity between 

 investigation and industry. The applica- 

 tion of science to human welfare is glori- 

 ous; its selfish uses are at least not praise- 

 worthy. The devotee of pure science and 

 the technologist should seek to understand 

 each other, and to realize that the conduct 

 of research involves mutual responsibilities. 

 We may not attain to our ideals, but we can 

 surely move towards them. 



To-day the thoughts of the civilized 

 world are turned towards war, and all men 

 are longing for the peace which must come, 

 sooner or later. As one of our earliest 

 poets has said : 



War ends in peace, and morning light 

 Mounts upon midnight 's wing. 



That is true of material warfare, but we 

 are engaged in a conflict which, fortunately, 

 can never end. It is the war of intelligence 

 against the inertia of ignorance, and it 

 keeps intelligence alive. Ignorance will 

 always exist; the unknown will always be 

 vaster than our knowledge, but we may 

 hope for many future victories, and fear 

 no ruinous defeats. So long as science lives 

 it must move forward, driven by a splendid 



discontent with our deficiencies. May we 

 never be satisfied, and forever advance, safe 

 in the conviction that every conquest of 

 ours over ignorance means the greater wel- 

 fare of mankind. F. W. Clakke 

 XJ. S. GEOLOGicAi Survey, 

 Washington, D. C. 



THEODOR BOVERIi 



Within a single year after Weismann's death 

 our science has suffered another severe blow 

 in the loss of Theodor Boveri, who died in 

 Wuerzburg on October 15 at the age of fifty- 

 three years. Pioneer and leader in the fields 

 of cytology and experimental zoology, his loss 

 will be felt keenly in this comitry where he 

 had so many friends and pupils and where his 

 field of research has been so popular during the 

 past two decades. Boveri's personal life was 

 very simple, always devoted to his work, his 

 family and the pleasure coming from a deep 

 love for art and nature. A native of Bavaria, 

 he studied first philosophy and later zoology in 

 Munich. His doctor's thesis on the structure 

 of the nerve fibers in vertebrates treated a sub- 

 ject to which he did not later return. For, en- 

 couraged by his teacher, Eichard Hertwig, 

 soon after receiving his degree he entered the 

 field of cytological research. Here, following 

 the example of his teacher, he combined prac- 

 tically from the beginning the morphological 

 and experimental methods. 



His very first work in this line proved to 

 be a great success, securing to him the venia 

 legendi as privat dozent in the University of 

 Munich. A few years later, when only thirty 

 years of age, he was called to Wuerzburg, to 

 succeed Semper in the chair of zoology and 

 comparative anatomy. Here he remained dur- 

 ing the rest of his life with the exception of 

 frequent trips to the zoological stations of 

 southern Europe, especially !N"aples, where he 

 was a regular guest. He also made a short 

 visit to the United States. His reputation as 



1 Paper read before the Biological Club, Yale 

 University, December 3, 1915. I am greatly in- 

 debted to Professor Wesley E. Coe for kindly re- 

 vising the manuscript. 



