SCIENCE 



Friday, March 17, 1916 

 contents 



Aims, Methods and Besults in Medical Edu- 

 cation : Professor C. R. Bardeen 367 



The Forest Service 380 



Soil Science 382 



The Ecological Society of America 382 



Scientific Notes and News 383 



University a/nd Educational News 384 



Discussion and Correspondence: — 



"Soientifio and Applied Pharmacognosy:" 

 Professor Edward Kbemers. Frogs Catch- 

 ing Butterflies: Alice Mavourneen Mal- 

 LONEB. The Alleged Instinctive Fear of 

 Snakes: W. H. McClellan, Junius Hen- 

 derson, F. S. Dellenbaugh 385 



Scientific Books: — 



Karpinski on SobeH of Chester's Latin 

 Translation, of the Algebra of Al-Khowa- 

 rizmi: Professor David Eugene Smith. 

 Fungoid Diseases : Dr. G. P. Clinton 389 



Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci- 

 ences: Professor Edwin Bidwell Wilson. 392 



Special Articles: — 



The Deflection of Ions: Professor Chas. T. 

 Knipp 393 



The American Association for the Advancement 

 of Science: — 



The Section of Geology and Geography : 

 Professor George F. Kay 394 



Sooieties and Academies: — 



The Biological Society of Washington: Dr. 

 M. "W. Lyon, Jr. The Botanical Society of 



ton: Dr. W. E. Safford 400 



MSS. intended for publication and books, etc.. intended for 

 review should be sent to Professor J. McKeen Cattell, Garrison- 

 on-Hudson. N. Y. 



AIMS, METHODS, AND RESULTS IN 

 MEDICAL EDUCATION 1 



Medical education represents an organ- 

 ized attempt to train men to apply scien- 

 tific methods to the prevention, cure or alle- 

 viation of disease and to the advance of 

 medical knowledge. To this end the pub- 

 lic, the teachers and the students all con- 

 tribute. The public through endowment or 

 state support now pays the more liberally 

 supported schools at least $300 per year 

 per student, or $1,200 for the four-year 

 course; the teachers by rendering skilled 

 service for less than what they might earn 

 in practise probably contribute at least as 

 much, while the time of the student in addi- 

 tion to his tuition fees and other expenses 

 makes his contribution worth not less than 

 $1,000 per year or $4,000 for the course, 

 in addition to which he usually devotes 

 several thousand dollars' worth of time to 

 postgraduate study. 



The public gets the largest returns from 

 the investment both from the advances in 

 medical knowledge which come from the 

 better supported schools and from the in- 

 creased efficiency of medical service which 

 benefits not only those individuals who pay 

 for services received but also the commun- 

 ity at large. The students, who furnish by 

 far the largest part of the investment, may 

 ultimately get some fair financial return 

 from this investment but must look to joy 

 of service for the chief return. The teach- 

 ers find their main reward in the compan- 

 ionship with youth in devotion to ideals. 



1 Presidential address at the annual meeting of 

 the Association of American Medical Colleges, 

 Chicago, February 8, 1916. 



