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SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLIII. No. 1116 



The Isles of the Blest: Paul Haupt. 



The Interpretation of Mythology: Franz Boas. 



Americg-'s Belation to the Developments of Inter- 

 national Law : Leo S. Rowe. 



Sight and Signaling in the Navy: Alexander 

 DuANE. (Introduced bj Dr. Geo. E. de 

 Sehweinitz.) 



Observations of the Mentality of Chimpanzees and 

 Orangutans. (Illustrated with motion pictures.) 

 William H. Fukness, 3d. 



thursday evening^ april 13 

 Meeting of the officers and council at 8:30 

 'clock. 



FRIDAY, APRIL 14 



Executive Session — 9:S0 o'elocTc 

 Proceedings of the officers and council submitted. 



Morning Session — 9:S5 o'clocTc 

 William B. Scott, Sc.D., LI/.D., Vice-president, in 



the Chair 

 Two New Terms, Cormophytaster and Xeniophyte, 



Axiomatioally Fundamental in Botany: William 



Trelease. 

 Origin and Vegetation of Salt Marsh Pools: John 



W. Harshbeeqer. 

 The WorTc of the Mellon Institute in its Belations 



to the Industries and to the Universities : Eay- 



MOND F. Bacon. 

 The F2 Generations, and Baok-, and Inter-crosses 



of the F^ Hybrids between (Enothera nutans 



and pycnocarpa: George F. Atkinson. 



In the Fj generation of the cross (Enothera nu- 

 tans X (E. pycnocarpa there appear four hybrid 

 types, CE. nutella, CE. pycnella, OS. tortuosa and 

 CE. tortuella. In the F, of the reciprocal cross 

 three hybrid types have thus far appeared which 

 are identical with three of the types named, viz., 

 nutella, pycn-ella and tortuella. It is probable that 

 if the number of individuals was very large, tor- 

 tuosa would also appear. 



Of these four Fj hybrid types, nutella is a blend, 

 and thus far has proved absolutely self-sterile, 

 though the pollen works on pycnella and tortuosa 

 (it has not been tried on tortuella, on both of the 

 parents, and on all other species of CEnothera on 

 which it has been tried. The egg cells are also fer- 

 tile in reciprocal crosses with the same forms. 

 Pycnella, tortuosa and tortuella are, on the other 

 hand, "segregate" hybrids; i. e., they select cer- 

 tain characters from each parent and develop them 



to their full expression. Pyon-ella and tortuosa are 

 "counterparts," i. e., the two together use aU the 

 characters of both parents, the one making use of 

 the characters which the other omits. Tortuella 

 appears to have all the characters of tortuosa ex- 

 cept the red stem which comes from the parent 

 nutans, tortuella having the green stem of the par- 

 ent pycnocarpa, which is also inherited by pyc- 

 nella. The hybrids pycnella and tortuosa are fixed 

 in the Fi generation, they breed true in the F, gen- 

 eration {pycnella has been tried in the Fj and 

 breeds true). Tortuella, however, appears to split 

 in the F2 generation. This result is remarkable 

 that in the Fi generation from a cross between 

 two feral, non-mutating species, quadruplet hy- 

 brids appear in the Fi generation; one is a blend 

 and self-sterile, but its pollen and egg cells are 

 fertile; two of the segregates are fixed types and 

 breed true, while the fourth hybrid (3d segregate) 

 appears to split in the second generation. The 

 back- and inter-crosses show, either striking ex- 

 amples of patrocliny, or splitting into two types in 

 some cases, into three types in other cases. But 

 no new types (with a single exception) appear, 

 they all conform to one or other of the six types, 

 the primary parental types, or one or more of the 

 F, hybrid types. The single exception is a mutant 

 of the dwarf gracilis type. 



Inheritance through Spores: John M. Coulter. 



The current work in plant genetics suggests the 

 question of the most favorable material. In the 

 main, the most complex plants have been used, so 

 that it is impossible to analyze the factors in- 

 volved. Even the origin of the embryo is not al- 

 ways assured, on account of the frequent occur- 

 rence of apogamy. Furthermore, only inheritance 

 through sexual reduction is secured. If sexual 

 forms are desirable, it seems obvious that the 

 most primitive ones should be included in experi- 

 mental material, since in such forms the sex act is 

 not involved with other structures, the origin of 

 the sexual cells is observable, and the whole situa- 

 tion lends itself to more complete control and 

 analysis. The sexual cells, however, are genetically 

 related to spores, so that the origin of spores and 

 their behavior in reproduction is preliminary to 

 the origin of gametes and sexual reproduction. 

 Reproduction spores, therefore, is a field rich in 

 experimental possibilities. Analysis of the condi- 

 tions of spore formation furnishes a clue to the 

 additional conditions necessary for gamete forma- 

 tion; experimental modification of the "germ 

 plasm" is more simple and definite than in com- 



