June 2, 1916] 



SCIENCE 



769 



practical training, which is just as essential 

 for the director of a laboratory as scientific 

 knowledge. 



These necessary qualifications in the di- 

 rector are reflected in the division of the 

 laboratory itself into manufacturing and 

 scientific sections, since the manufacturing 

 section should be able to carry out on a 

 small scale all the chief manufacturing 

 operations so that any investigations made 

 in the laboratory can be carried through to 

 the practical works scale without interfer- 

 ing with the production departments. In 

 the research laboratory of the Eastman 

 Kodak Company the manufacturing de- 

 partment includes emvilsion-making and 

 plate, film and paper coating departments, 

 the capacity being verj^ considerable, the 

 plate department being able to make 300 

 dozen 8 X 10 in. plates a daj'. These de- 



partments are used not only for systematic 

 experiments on emulsion suitable for vari- 

 ous piirposes, such as different kinds of 

 plate emulsion, color sensitive emulsions, 

 especially for color photography, and ex- 

 perimental printing papers, but they are 

 further used to make on a small scale prod- 

 ucts which are required for special pur- 

 poses in very small quantities, such as spe- 

 cial plates required by astronomers or spec- 

 troscopists or special film required for ex- 

 perimental purposes by those working on 

 color photography or attempting to develop 

 other photographic processes. Eequests 

 for such special materials are received by 

 every large manufacturing company, and 

 the execution of the orders in the produc- 

 tion departments frequently involves much 

 delay and loss, whereas the manufacturing 

 section of the laboratory can carry out the 



