798 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLIII. No. 1118 



wood or fiber, and clay have been added to the 

 Museum collections; and twice that number of 

 common objects, such as mealing stones and the 

 like, were left on the field. Comprehensively 

 stated, the data obtained are of such a cha.racter 

 as to warrant the separation of the various ruins 

 into six successive chronological groups, the last 

 two of which are of historic date. 



Prehistoric Cultures of the' Sam, Jv/in Drainage: 



A. V. KiDDEE. 



Omitting non-sedentary tribes, the remains are 

 divisible into three groups. (1) The Kiva Culture 

 is the latest; to it belong majority of cliff-dwell- 

 ings and pueblos of the region. The kiva is a 

 constant feature of the ruins. The problem of 

 interrelation of the ruins and chronological se- 

 quence is complicated and best approached by 

 preliminary classification of the remains at present 

 known. There are several well-defined groups: 

 Mesa Verde, Montezuma Creek, Chaco Caiion, 

 Chinlee, Kayenta; also numerous ruins both in 

 and outside these groups which can not yet be 

 classified. Each group is characterized by pe- 

 culiarities in pottery, architecture, and kiva con- 

 struction. 



(2) The Slab-house Culture; closely allied to 

 the kiva culture and may belong to same. Range 

 is not known; so far definitely recorded from 

 but a single locality in northeastern Arizona, 

 where it underlies kiva culture group. Rooms 

 semi-subterranean, of slabs and adobe; apparently 

 no true kivas, and pottery distinct from that of 

 the later ruins of the region. 



(3) The Basket-maker Culture; probably the 

 earliest of the three. First reported from south- 

 eastern Utah. The basket-makers were cave-dwell- 

 ers, built no stone houses and made little pottery. 

 The textile arts were very highly developed, and 

 they appear to have had several implements not 

 used by the later inhabitants. 



The interrelationship of these three cultures 

 ean not be determined without much more field 

 work. 



Notes on Certain Prehistoric Sanitations of 



Western Utah: Neil M. Jubd. 



During May and June, 1915, an archeological 

 reconnaissance of several valleys in western Utah 

 was made under instructions from the Bureau of 

 American Ethnology. Limited excavations at a 

 number of widely-separated localities revealed the 

 structural characteristics of the house remains at 

 each site and gave some indication of the cultural 

 attainments of their ancient inhabitants. 



An exaAination of several mounds near Willard, 

 on the northeastern shore of Great Salt Lake, dis- 

 closed the ruins of dwellings which must have re- 

 sembled very closely the well-known winter hogan 

 of the Navaho Indian. Other shelters of the same 

 type were found at Beaver City, in close proximity 

 to rectangular dwellings of adobe; mounds at 

 Paragonah, in Iron County, covered walled habita- 

 tions similar to the larger structure near Beaver. 

 At the two last-named localities a majority of the 

 ancient dwellings had been single-roomed houses, 

 more or less closely associated with each other. 

 Near Kanab, in Kane County, photographs and 

 measurements of a small cliff-village, consisting 

 of a kiva and four unconnected rooms, were made. 



Excavations at these several localities resulted 

 in small collections of archeological material that, 

 like the structures from which they were obtained, 

 seem to point to a cultural relationship between 

 the builders of the three types of primitive dwell- 

 ings here mentioned. 



Notes on the Orientation of Ancient Pueblos, 

 Seservoirs and Shrines in New Mexico: Wil- 

 liam Boone Douglass. 



Description of the ruin area around the com- 

 munal building known as Puye, on the Jemez 

 plateau, which was carefully surveyed, and the 

 various buildings mapped to show their orienta- 

 tion and grouping. The orientation of Tshirege 

 and Tyuonyi (communal houses of the Jemez 

 plateau) and of their accompanying antiquities is 

 given and a comparison made with the orientation 

 of a Tewa pueblo of the historic period. 



Notes on Shrines of the Tewa and other Pueblo 

 Indians of New Mexico: William Boone Doug- 

 lass. 



(1) A detailed description of the "World Cen- 

 ter shrine ' ' on Tsikomo peak of the Jemez Moun- 

 tains, with a reconstruction of the shrine, in which 

 are used the offerings taken from it. (2) A full 

 description of the shrines of La Sierra del Ballo, 

 and the exhibition of a silver ornament taken from 

 one of them. (3) A brief description of the nine 

 shrines of Tonyo, the sacred mountain of the San 

 Udefonso Indians, to which they retreated and 

 successfully resisted the Spanish invaders during 

 the Pueblo rebellion of 1680-1692. (4) The Cloud 

 shrine and the War God shrine will be briefly de- 

 scribed, with reference to the offerings found in 

 them. 



George Grant MacGubdt 

 (To be continued) 



