June 16, 1916] 



SCIENCE 



867 



in accordance witli the number of individuals in 

 each race. In the latter case a constantly in- 

 creasing amount of white blood will be found, be- 

 cause the fertility of the negro male is materially 

 reduced while that of the white male is consider- 

 ably increased. Por this reason the result of the 

 mixture consists in the development of a popula- 

 tion in which white blood will more and more pre- 

 ponderate. 



The problems in regions of pure white popula- 

 tion are still different. The claim that the 

 amount of mixture of European types that occurs 

 in America is infinitely greater than in correspond- 

 ing mixture that has occurred in previous times ia 

 Europe can not be maintained. Mixture of dis- 

 tinct types owing to migration and intermarriage 

 has been the rule in earUer periods in Europe, and 

 events in America are a repetition on a larger 

 scale of earlier phenomena in the development in 

 European populations. The stability of Euro- 

 pean social units is largely a phenomenon belong- 

 ing to the stable agricultural conditions which 

 prevailed until the beginning of the nineteenth 

 century. With the industrial development this 

 stability has been broken. Since conditions in 

 America are quite analogous to those that have 

 prevailed in Europe for several thousand years, 

 there is no reason to assimie any detrimental in- 

 fluence owing to the contact of different types in 

 our country. 



Heredity of Stature: C. B. Davenport. 



The study of the heredity of stature by Galton 

 laid the foundation of biometry and has always 

 been a favorite one for the biometrieian who has 

 believed it incapable of MendeUan analysis. Such 

 analysis has, however, been attempted, and, al- 

 though additional investigations have still to be 

 made on the subject, it is even now clear that 

 stature is not determined merely by general 

 growth factors, but that there are five principal 

 elements that are separately inheritable and form 

 combinations of which the diverse statures of a 

 hybrid family can be in major part explained. 



United States Census of Immigrant Stocks : Daniel 



EOLKMAK. 



In 1910 were presented for the first time in the 

 census figures directly relating to the ethnic com- 

 position of the white population of the United 

 States, in so far as that is indicated by the native 

 languages of the foreign born and their children 

 iu the United States. A great numerical pre- 

 ponderance is still held by the mother tongues of 



northwestern Europe. The German is larger than 

 the English or any other single foreign stock in 

 the United States, as thus defined. It contributes 

 more than one fourth of the entire last two genera- 

 tions of immigration. The EngUsh-Irish-Seoteh- 

 Welsh mother-tongue group numbers 10,037,420, 

 and combined is only about 1,200,000 greater than 

 the German mother-tongue stock. 



The "new" immigration from southern and 

 eastern Europe is still a small factor numerically. 

 Taking as 100 per cent, the total white population 

 of the United States in 1910, numbering 81,731,- 

 957, the so-called native stock constitutes 60.5 per 

 cent, and the three great linguistic families of 

 foreign stock from northwestern Europe consti- 

 tute 27.1 per cent., making a total of 87.6 per 

 cent. The elements from southern and eastern 

 Europe constitute, therefore, less than 13 per 

 cent, of the total. Of this, the two principal Latin 

 mother tongues of the United States, the Ereneh 

 and the Italian, contribute less than 5 per cent. 



Of the total foreign white stock of the United 

 States, 32,243,382, there are 8,817,271 persons who 

 are of German stock. Of the foreign-born white 

 element of the United States, 25.2 per cent, are 

 reported as English, Irish, Scotch, Welsh and 

 Manx in mother tongue and 21.8 per cent, are re- 

 ported for the Germanic languages. Eussiau immi- 

 gration is shown to be far more Hebrew (52.3 per 

 cent.) than Russian (2.5 per cent.) or even Slavic. 



The Spanish mother tongue contributes a much 

 larger proportion of the total foreign-born white 

 element than does the corresponding country of 

 birth, Spain. The excess comes mainly from 

 Mexico and other countries south of the United 

 States. South America shows a decrease in the 

 number reporting Spanish its principal mother 

 tongue as represented in the United States. The 

 contingent from Cuba is over 95 per cent. Latin — 

 that is, mainly Spanish — while the representation 

 in the United States from the other West Indies is, 

 on the contrary, over 70 per cent. English, less than 

 10 per cent, being Latin. 



Anthropological Study of Old Americans: Ales 



Hrducka. 



Old Americans, for the purpose of this study, 

 are those whose parents and all four of whose 

 grandparents were born within the territory of the 

 United States and have no colored admixture. 



Physical and to some extent also "physiological 

 investigations on this now very numerous, and at 

 the same time rapidly diminishing, stock have 



