war's effect upon education and literature 57 



losopliical productions. Also for a number of years, it has been well 

 known, tbat in Italy a sort of renaissance in sociological, especially 

 patho-social lines of investí gation bas been developing. 



LITERATURE IN BOER WAR 



There was a general decrease in tbe United Kingdom of book pu- 

 blications, including new editions during tbe Boer war (table 12, page 

 70). Tbis decrease was greatest in 1901, tow^rds tbe end of tbe war. 

 As to tbe different kinds of books piiblisbed, none seem to bavebeen 

 specially affected by tbe war, except miscellaneous pampblets, wbicb 

 sbow a large increase (7 per cent) in 1902, due probably to tbe great 

 number of war pampblets. 



FRANCO-GERMÁN WAR AND LITERATURE 



In Germany, dnring tbe Franco-Prnssian war, tbe decrease in tbe 

 production of books was greatest in 1870 (table 13, page 72), wben 

 tbe w^ar was most intense. Comparing tbe relative prodnction of tbe 

 difterent classes of works, tbe only increase is in tbe encyclopedic, 

 geographical, trade and industrial works, tbat is tbe more practical 

 and materialistic subjects. 



No data are available for a consideration of tbe efíects of tbis war 

 upon tbe publication of books in France. 



TENDENCIES TO COMPENSATION IN EFFECTS OF WAR 



It is a genera] belief of a number of leading bistorians, tbat tbe 

 great movements in tbe course of tbe world's progress, including wars, 

 are necessary and could no more be stopped tban tbe wind upon tbe 

 ocean. Wbatever one believes as to bow far sucb sociological neces- 

 sity may extend into tbe details of tbe life of a country or comunity, 

 there are certain facts, wbicb migbt be interpreted tbus : tbat altbougb 

 we may be free to move about in tbe steamsbip itself, we are bel- 

 pless in directing its course on account of tbe currents and winds 

 outside. 



It is known, for instance, tbat wben tbe normal condition of society 



