war's efpect upon edücation and literature 



75 



tlie flrst .half of the table, dealing ^ith plaints only, as the importance 

 of the cases or moncy involved in them increases, their decrease du- 

 ring war time becomes less and less. This is a sort of reversal of what 

 takes place in criminal courts, where the fewest and most serious 

 crimes increase in war time. 



Observing the second halfof table 15, iinder «judgraents» the per 

 cent of decrease in their number dnring war time is greater than in 

 the number of plaints in line first of the first half of the table. The 

 percentages of increase or decrease are not worked out further in the 

 table. The reader can easily do this. In some instances there is a strik- 

 ing decrease between peace and war times, as in number of debtors 

 imprisoned reaching more than fifty per cent in 191.5. 



PAUPERISM DECREASES IN WAR TIME 



In table 16 is presented the status of pauperism and relief in the 

 United Kingdom for the years 1913 to 1916. A decided decrease in 

 pauperism is indicated in the last column for 1916, being 10.1 per 

 cent for England and Wales, 5.7 per cent for Scotland and 7.9 for 

 Ireland. In 1914 and 1915, before many eft'ects of the war were visi- 

 ble and in 1913, when there was no war, the increases and decreases 

 are much less. 



TABLE 16. — Paupei'isni * 

 [Percentage of increase (-|-) or decrease ( — )] 



Countries 



England and Wales : 

 Persona relieved 



Scotland : 

 Paupers 



Ireland : 

 Paupers 



United Kingdom : 

 Paupers per 10.000 population ^ . 



— 0.9 

 + 0.2 



— 2.6 

 213.204 



—4.1 

 —1.3 

 —4.2 



762.000 

 67.632 

 33.194 



Percen- 



tases 



+ 0.05 

 + 1.1 

 —6.1 

 203 



' The Statistical ahstract of the United Kingdom (1901-1915), London, 1917, gi- 

 ves the basal figures only. 

 * Estimated population. 



