war's effect upon education and literature 



83 



ners, tlie seconcl colnnm tlie absolnte number for 1871, and the next 

 tliree columns give the percentages for times of peace and war. 



The relative decrease of men prisoners (85 to 83 7o) and of those 

 from 21 to 40 years of (44 to 51 °/o) will be noted. 



The decrease of prisoners who were tradesmen from 14 to 11 per 

 cent is to be observed. 



CIVIL COURTS AFFECTED AS CRIMINAL COURTS IN WAR 



In the preceedings of the Civil Conrts of France, the efifects ofthe 

 war are somewhat the same as those in the criminal conrts, as shown 

 in table 23. There is in 1870 a decrease of 20 per cent of cases intro- 

 duced in the Supreme Conrt, a decrease of 43 per cent the Court of 

 Appeals, 21 per cent in the commercial tribunals and 22 per cent 

 under jiidges of the peace. While judicial matters often follow the 

 course of criminal matters in a country ; here the general difference 

 is, that the more important civil cases, as in the Court of Appeals, 

 show the highest (43 °/o) jjer cent of decrease, the least important cri- 

 minal cases show a similar decrease. In bankruptcies for 1870 there 

 is a 33 per cent decrease and in divorces 78 per cent decrease. 



TABLE 23. — Some proceedings in the criminal courts of France ' 



Supreme Court . . . 

 Court of Appeals . 

 Comnier. tribunals 

 Juclges ofthe Peace 



Bankruptcies 



Divorces granted. 



995 



10.879 



182.499 



502.484 



5.581 



2.181 



931 



10.341 



185.720 



519.973 



5.831 



2.272 



í (_22 °/o) ) 

 503.517 „„„ "^^374. 978 



6.040 



/ 392.147 

 i (-33 o/o) } 



\1 \ 



3.019 



( 1.893 \ 



998 



10.456 



210.910 



403.547 



5.508 



2.166 



' For Statistics of Civil Courts in France, see Annuaire Statistique de la France, 

 resumes rctrospectives, 4^ année, 1881, Paris. 



