January 12, 1894.] 
tin No. 34, experiments with sorghum in 1891, by 
Prof. H. W. Wiley.) 
The sugar crystallized readily and separated perfectly 
in the centrifrugals from the syrup in from two to five 
minutes. By the processes hereinbefore mentioned the 
sorghum grower of the central States may compete with 
the grower of ordinary cane in the South. From an 
acre of good sorghum may be obtained a barrel of nice 
nearly white sugar, equal in every way to ordinary cane 
sugar. 
The question may arise: ‘‘Can the farmer profitably 
manufacture his own sugar, 7. €., on a small scale?” 
Probably no more than the farmer can manufacture 
his own woollen goods or make his own flour. 
It is doubtful if cane can be profitably raised. more 
than three miles froma central factory, and besides 
enough cane can be raised within two miles of the fac- 
tory to supply all of its demands. Such being the fact, 
the central and northern States must hope to make their 
‘own supply of sugar, not by individual factories, but 
by asystem of central factories put up on a large scale 
and equipped for all the steps of molasses and sugar 
making. : : 
The amount of sugar consumed in the United States 
for the year ending June 30, 1890, was about three 
billion pounds (an average of fifty-five pounds per 
capita), and there were eighty million gallons of 
molasses consumed. 
The United States produced about one-tenth of the 
sugar and one-fifth of the molasses. Hence the 
necessity for increasing our sugar producing crops, Viz. : 
the southern cane and the northern sorghum and the 
beet.* 
1 To these may be added “corn cane,’’ fora most interesting discussion of 
which the reader is referred to Science during the month of September, 1893. 
SCIENCE. 
27 
—The third annual meeting of the Ohio Academy of 
Science was held at Columbus on Dec. 28 and 29, 1893. 
The usual necessary formal business was done, and 
papers were read on various subjects connected with 
geology, botany, entomology, ornithology, and a be- 
ginning was made in chemistry and astronomy, which 
have not previously claimed their fair share of atten- 
tion. The following among the papers read may claim 
notice here: ‘‘On the Evolution of Indian Corn,” by 
Mr. W. A. Kellerman ; ‘‘Distribution of North Ameri- 
can Lepidoptera in Norway,” by Prof. F. M. Webster : 
‘On Certain New and Known Marine Infusoria,” b 
Dr. D. 8. Kellicott ; ‘‘Lake Licking; a Contribution 
to the Buried Drainage of Ohio,” by Prof. W. G. Tight; 
“Further Study of the Wheat Scale,” by Prof. A. D: 
Selby ; ‘‘Ona New Fossil Crustacean from the Water- 
Lime,” by Prof. E. W. Claypole ; ‘‘A Revision of the 
Lichens of Ohio,” by Mr. E. E. Bogue, and ‘‘On the 
Nutritive Value of Common Fruit,” by Prof. W. R. 
Lazenby. Arrangements were also completed for the 
organization of a Natural History Survey of the State. 
Three directors were appointed, Professors Claypole, 
Kellicott and Kellerman, whose duties were simply to 
enlist and arrange all the volunteer laborers who could 
be induced to take part in the work and aid them in 
the choice of fields and in the prosecution of their 
labors, leaving the whole method or responsibility in 
their hands as much as if they were independent work- 
ers. These results when obtained will be presented to 
the Academy, by the authors if possible, referred to 
suitable experts and, at the discretion of the Academy, 
printed in the annual report. The organization of the 
undertaking is the most important one of the still 
young academy. Prof. F. W. Webster, of the Agricul- 
tural Experiment Station, was elected president for 
1894. 
Brain 
York ] 
EXCHANGES. 
[Free of charge to all, if of satisfactory character. 
Address N. D. C. Hodges, 874 Broadway, 
Wants. 
New 
Wanted.—Sachs’s Text-book of Botany, znd Eng- 
lish edition. Dr. Alfred C. Stokes, 527 Mon- 
Workers. 
Horsford’s Acid Phosphate): 
is recommended by physicians of all 
schools, for restoring brain force or 
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by over-work, as found in lawyers, 
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generally. 
Descriptive pamphlet free on application to 
Rumford Chemical Works, 
Providence, R. I. 
Beware of Substitutes and Imitations. 
For sale by all Druggists. 
For Sale or Exchange.—A “Troughton & Simms’ 
bronzed metal sextant, with double-frame platinum 
and gold vernier; fitted to bronze standard, 
with balance weights attached and brass ad- 
justing screws, with full set of tubes, both 
lain and inverting; an artificial horizon and 
all fittings necessary for observing and rating 
chronometers. Also the first ro volumes of ‘The 
Forum” bound in twenty volumes (in cloth), to- 
gether with two unbound volumes. Address W. 
S. Leavenworth, Ripon, Wisconsin. 
I have Michigan shells of the unio, alalus, gib- 
borus, ligamentinus, occideus, plicatus, pustrilorus, 
rubignorus, verrucosus, margaratana, marginala, 
tugosa, for fresh water and sea shells of other 
localities and varieties, copies of Scientific American 
for shells; also a few minerals to exchange. Chas. 
Miller, jr., 216 Jefferson st., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
For Sale or Exchange.—A large number of state 
and general government scientific reports, Smith- 
sonian contributions and Bulletins Torrey Club, 
Botanical Gazette and many others. These were 
obtained in the purchase of a large scientific 
library and are duplicates. Write for what you 
want and offer any sum. Mexican Boundary -Sur- 
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of the Sikkim-Himalaya are in the lot. What 
offers? R. Ellsworth Call, Louisville, Ky. 
Skins, with full data, of gialites  nivosa, 
Ereunetes occidentalis, Ammodramus beldingi, 
A. rostratus, Chamza fasciata henshawi and others 
from California, for native or foreign skins with 
full data. A. W. Anthony, 2042 Albatross Street, 
San Diego, California. 
For Sale—An entirely new analytical balance, 
made by one of the most celebrated manufacturers; 
Capacity 10o grammes, sensitive to one-twentieth 
amilligramme. Never been used. Regular price, 
$83. Will sell for $50 cash. Address, A. P. Nichols, 
4x Summer Street, Haverhill, Mass. 
mouth Street, Trenton, New Jersey. 
WANTED to exchange for human bones or re— 
cent medical text—books, the following books 
“Metallurgy of Silver,’’ M. Eissler, 1889; “Practical 
Treatise on Petroleum,” by Benj. J. Crewe, 1887; 
“Cook’s Chemical Philosophy,” 1885; ‘“Cairn’s 
Chemical Analysis,” 1880; ‘‘Wagner’s Chemical 
Technology,”’ by Crookes, 1886; ‘‘Fresemier’s Qual. 
Chem. Analysis,” 1®79; ‘Elementary Treatise on 
Practical Chemistry and Qual. Analysis. ’—Clowes, 
1881; bound Vols. 1 to r2 of Dr. Lardner’s “Museum 
of Science and Art” (very rare), 1854; back numbers 
of “Blectrical World,” beautiful specimens of 
Pyrite Incrustations from Cretaceous of New Jer- 
sey; Magnetis Iron Ore, Highly Polarized. Address 
D. T. Marshall, Metuchen, N. die 
WANTED.--Books or information on the micro- 
scopical determination of blood and hair, Also 
reports of cases where hair has played an import- 
ant part in the identification of an individual. Ad- 
dress Maurice Reiker, 206 N. First Ave., Marshall- 
twn, Iowa. 
A GEOLOGIST thoroughly conversant with the 
geology of the Southern States desires an en- 
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Clay and Kaolin. Five years’ experience with 
Geological Surveys. Address K., 509 West Sixth 
Street, Austin, Texas. 
WANTED.—Tuckerman’s Geneva Lichenum and 
Carpenter on the Microscope, Wiley’s In- 
troduction to the Study of Lichens. State price 
and other particulars. Richard Lees, Brampton, 
Ont, 
