January Io, 1894.] 
ences, more or less numerous, to ‘station publications 
where further information can be secured if desired. 
It is of course impossible to refer in detail to all the 
subjects. A reference to a few will probably be of in- 
terest. Under Chrysanthemum we read that experiment 
showed it to be possible to keep pollen of the plant for 
five days and still retain its vitality. It is observed un- 
der Dandelion, quite extensively used as ‘‘greens” in 
spring, that it has been studied in Minnesota, and direc- 
tions are given for cultivating it. Geological work is 
not extensively carried on, only four geologists being 
employed, and these being engaged in studying soils. 
Numerous varieties of grasses are discussed, over ten 
pages being devoted to them. In a short note upon 
Leguminosee numerous references are made to investi- 
gations upon root-tubercles. Their value in taking 
nitrogen from the air and storing it in the soil is consid- 
ered very great, anditisstated that by growing the tuber- 
cle-producing plants and, plowing them under they form 
manure for wheat and other crops requiring consider- 
able nitrogenous material. The article upon Milk re- 
fers to the value of late researches upon bacteria 
causing fermentation, souring of cream, etc. Those 
bacteria causing red milk, ropy milk, etc., can be pre- 
vented by cleanliness. Those which are useful an but- 
ter and cheese making can be utilized. The aroma of 
butter has been determined to be due to a specific bac- 
terium, and the ferment produced by this is being used 
to a certain extent in Germany and Denmark. In the 
ripening of cream there is a conflict of many varieties 
of bacteria and the problem has been to separate that 
SCIENCE. 
41 
cheese-making. The ripening of cheese is due to the 
action of micro-organisms. The number of these has 
been found to be from 25 to 165 millions per ounce. 
The conclusion reached is that in the future ‘‘the but- 
ter-maker will separate the cream by the centrifugal 
machine in as fresh a condition as possible and will add 
to the cream an artificial ferment consisting of a pure 
culture of the proper bacteria, and then ripen his cream 
in the normal manner. The result will be uniformity. 
The cheese-maker will in like manner inoculate fresh 
milk with an artificial ferment, and thus be able to con- 
trol his product. Perhaps he will have a large variety 
of such ferments, each of which will produce for him a 
definite quality of cheese. To the dairy interest, there- 
fore, the bacteriologist holds out the hope of uniformity. 
The time will come when the butter-maker may always 
make good butter and the cheese-maker will be able in 
all cases to obtain exactly the kind of ripening that he 
desires.’ 
Under the head of Phosphates there is an interesting 
account of the different kinds, with analyses of those 
found in South Carolina and Florida. Perhaps the 
longest article in the volume is upon the weeds of the 
United States, nearly 20 pages being devoted to them. 
A list of the weeds with common and scientific names 
and station publications where referred to occupies 
thirteen pages. Finally in an appendix there are given 
a number of tables of analyses, of feeding stuffs, vege- 
tables, fruits, nuts, commercial fertilizers, farm manures 
and ash constituents of woods. The volume is, upon 
the whole, one of the most useful which has ever been 
one which will give the best results. 
So, too, with 
issued by the Department of Agriculture. 
Brain 
Workers. 
Horsford’s Acid Phosphate 
is recommended by physicians of all 
schools, for restoring brain force or 
nervous energy, in all cases where 
the nervous system has been re- 
duced below the normal standard 
by over-work, as found in lawyers, 
teachers, students and brain-workers 
generally. 
Descriptive pamphlet free on application to 
Rumford Chemical Works, 
Providence, R. I. 
Beware of Substitutes and Imitations. 
For sale by all Druggists. 
EXCHANGES. 
{Free of charge to all, if of satisfactory character. 
vor N. D. C. Hodges, 874 Broadway, New 
or: 
To exchange.—Works on entomology, botany and 
palaeontology for works on Indians and archzol 
ogy. H. Justin Roddy, Millersville, Pa. 
For Sale.—A Zertmayer new model U.iS. Army 
Hospital monocular stand, cost $110. H. C. Wells, 
151 Broadway, New York. 
For Sale or Exchange.—A ‘Troughton & Simms” 
bronzed metal sextant, with double-frame platinum 
and gold vernier; fitted to bronze standard, 
with balance weights attached and brass ad- 
justing screws, with full set of tubes, both 
plain and inverting; an artificial horizon and 
all fittings necessary for observing and rating 
chronometers. Also the first 10 volumes of ‘The 
Forum” bound in twenty volumes (in cloth), to- 
gether with two unbound volumes. Address W. 
S. Leavenworth, Ripon, Wisconsin. 
I have Michigan shells of the unio, alalus, gib- 
borus, ligamentinus, occideus, plicatus, pustrilorus, 
rubignorus, verrucosus, margaratana, marginala, 
rugosa, for fresh water and sea shells of other 
localities and varieties, copies of Scientific American 
for shells; also a few minerals to exchange. Chas. 
Miller, jr., 216 Jefferson st., Grand Rapids, Mich. 
For Sale or Exchange.—A large number of state 
and general government scientific reports, Smith- 
sonian contributions and Bulletins Torrey Club, 
Botanical Gazette and many others. These were 
obtained in the purchase of a large scientific 
library and are duplicates. Write for what you 
want and offer any sum. Mexican Boundary Sur- 
vey, Torrey’s Botany California, Blume’s Orchids 
of India and Japan, and Hooker’s Rododendrons 
of the Sikkim-Himalaya are in the lot. What 
offers? R. Ellsworth Call, Louisville, Ky. 
Skins, with full data, of A®gialites nivosa, 
Ereunetes occidentalis, Ammodramus_ beldingi, 
A. rostratus, Chamzea fasciata henshawi and others 
from California, for native or foreign skins with 
full data. A. W. Anthony, 2042 Albatross Street, 
San Diego, California. 
For Sale.—An entirely new analytical balance, 
made by one of the most celebrated manufacturers; 
Capacily 1oo grammes, sensitive to one-twentieth 
amilligramme. Never been used. Regular price, 
$83. ¢ Will sell for $50 cash. Address, A. P. Nichols, 
41 Summer Street, Haverhill, Mass. 
Wants. 
ANTED.—Vol. Birds of the Standard or River- 
side Nat. Hist. Preferred in parts. F. A. 
Lucas, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. 
W ANTED._Vols. ITand II of Proceedings of the 
% Entomological Soc. of Pha. and Vols. III to VI 
inclusive of Transactions of the American Ento- 
mological Soc. C. P. Gillette, Ft. Collins, Colo. 
Wanted.—Sachs’s Text-book of Botany, 2nd Eng- 
lish edition. Dr. Alfred C. Stokes, 527 Mon- 
mouth Street, Trenton, New Jersey. 
WANTED to exchange for human bones or re— 
cent medical text-books, the following books 
“Metallurgy of Silver,” M. Eissler, 1889; ‘Practical 
Treatise on Petroleum,’ by Benj. J. Crewe, 1887; 
“Cook’s Chemical Philosophy,” 1885; ‘Cairn’s 
Chemical Analysis,’’ 1880; ‘‘Wagner’s Chemical 
Technology,” by Crookes, 1886; ‘‘Fresemier’s Qual. 
Chem. Analysis,” 1879; ‘Elementary Treatise on 
Practical Chemistry and Qual. Analysis. ’—Clowes, 
1881; bound Vols. 1 to 12 of Dr. Lardner’s “Museum 
of Science and Art” (very rare), 1854; back numbers 
of “Electrical World,” beautiful specimens of 
Pyrite Incrustations from Cretaceous of New Jer- 
sey; Magnetis Iron Ore, Highly Polarized. Address 
D. T. Marshall, Metuchen, N. J. 
ANTED.--Books or information on the micro- 
scopical determination of blood and hair. Also 
reports of cases where hair has played an import- 
ant part in the identification of an individual. Ad- 
dress Maurice Reiker, 206 N. First Ave., Marshall- 
twn, Iowa. 
A GEOLOGIST thoroughly conversant with the 
geology of the Southern States desires an en- 
gagement. Has complete knowledge of the eco- 
nomic geology of Iron, Coal, Lignite, as well as 
Clay and Kaolin. Five years’ experience with 
Geological Surveys. Address K., 509 West Sixth 
Street, Austin, Texas. 
ANTED.—Tuckerman’s Geneva Lichenum and 
_ Carpenter on the Microscope, Wiley’s In- 
troduction to the Study of Lichens. State price 
and other particulars. Richard Lees, Brampton, 
nt. 
