68 
the dimensions, as well as the proportions, of the parts 
represented. he different shapes adopted for shafts of 
marine engines and their accessories, cranks and rods, 
eécentrics and cams; toothed gearing of all usual kinds; 
stuffing boxes and joints; valves and cocks and pumps, 
and other minor parts, are all well-described and finely 
illustrated before the construction of engines and boilers 
is studied in larger plans. 
Drawings and descriptive text exhibit the forms and 
proportions of the modern marine boiler and of all its 
appurtenances; while in this connection, the fuels and 
their composition, the properties of steam, and the 
economics of steam-making, are presented in a simple 
manner. Similar methods are adopted in the treatment 
of the marine engine, and the most recent types are fully 
described. 
No attempt is made to give the mathematical princi- 
ples involved in construction, or to teach the art of 
designing and proportioning the engine, the boiler, and 
their accessories. [The book has little value to the 
engineer; but, as an introduction to the serious study of 
the steam-engine for marine purposes, it 1s admirable. 
The authors and publishers have done their work well, 
and we have rarely seen a finer piece of technical book- 
making. Paper, press-work, and binding are good, and 
its illustrations among the very best that we have ever 
seen in this department of literature. 
NOTES AND NEWS. 
Mr. Henry C. Mercer, the newly appointed Curator 
of American and Prehistoric Archeology at the Museum 
of the University, delivered an address on ‘‘ The Human 
and Animal Remains in the Lookout and Nickajack 
Caves at Chattanooga, Tenn.,” before the Numismatic 
and Antiquarian, Society of Philadelphia, on the evening 
Mr. Mercer referred to the importance of 
of Jan. 4. 
SCIENCE. 
Vol, XXIII. No. 574 
cave explorations in European archeology, and stated 
that the one fact that we gather is that early man dwelt 
in caves. Little cave hunting has been done in this 
country, chiefly because American archeologists have 
gone wild over ‘‘relics,” and mounds and cliff dwellings 
had diverted attention from other explorations. The 
speaker reviewed the work done in examining caves in 
this country, such as the investigations made by Professor 
Rogers at Durham Cave and Haldeman at Chikies, as 
well as the Port Kennedy ‘‘bone hole” explored by 
Professor Cope. <A great scantiness of animal remains as 
compared with similar caves in Europe characterizes 
American caves, and this is accounted for by the differ- 
ence in the conditions. The Lookout Cave at Chatta- 
nooga he regarded as typical. ‘The floor of the cave, like 
that of many of the other caves in its vicinity, had been 
disturbed during the War of the Rebellion by workmen 
engaged in digging nitrous earth for the manufacture of 
gunpowder. He talked with the men who had been 
engaged in this work, and learned from them the portion 
of the floor which they had not disturbed. The bottom 
of the cave contained a mass of human and animal refuse. 
The floor was divided into sections by the explorer, and 
each fragment of bone, pottery, or stone was marked 
with the number of the section, and a number indicating 
the depth; so that things found in the first foot of digging 
were marked ‘‘one”’; in the second, ‘‘two,” etc. This 
work was carried down a depth of about four feet to the 
bottom of the animal deposits, and the contents appeared 
entirely homogeneous. The remains were Indian through- 
out, and decorated pottery was found in the lowest part. 
No indication of palzolithic man, nor of pygmies, nor of 
any one except the familiar Indian was discovered. The 
bones and shells have been identified by Prof. E. D. 
Cope, and reveal the following fauna: Deer, opossum, 
lynx, squirrel, rabbit, bat, peccary, raccoon, marmot, water 
tortoise, soft-shelled tortoise, sucker, garfish, spadefoot 
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