February 23, 1894. 
hardy annual. ‘This is not a solitary instance of this sort, 
but I do not remember to have seen any explanation of 
such facts. H. F. Basserr. 
Waterbury, Conn. 
Chilopoda Migrating in Broad Day-light. 
SEVERAL years ago a friend of the writer saw, during 
late summer in Nebraska, a great number of some chilopod 
migrating in the day-time. They were all going in one 
direction across a road where they were readily seen, and 
continued to pass over it for more than a week. A very 
dry spell from which the country had been suffering may 
have had something to do with the movements of the 
animals, for they disappeared after a heavy rain. The 
fact that they were seen in large numbers, as well as 
their migrating in broad day-light, is very interesting, 
since none of the Chilopoda» are usually seen in great 
numbers or where there is much light. Repeated ques- 
tions, however, showed that the animals were some 
chilopod, probably a Scolopendra, since they were too 
large for a Lithobius and can scarcely have been a 
Scolopocryptops. 
If any reader has ever seen any of the Chilopoda 
migrating at any time, or in very large numbers, he will 
confer a favor upon the writer at least by letting him 
know through the columns of Sczence, or by letter, the 
locality, season, state of weather, duration of migration 
and if possible the species observed. F. C. Kenyon. 
College Hill, Mass. 
A Miniature Water Lily. 
In reply to Prof. J. E. Todd’s inquiry of Dec. 15, his 
Nymphaca found near Red Lake is very interesting, as it 
is undoubtedly 2. odorata Ait., var. Minor sims., and the 
location is between that reported by J. M. Macoun from 
Moose River, near James Bay, in 1885, and that reported 
by the Natural History and Geological Survey of Minne- 
sota, in Turtle Lake, Otter Tail Co., Minn., in 1883. 
H. B. Ayres. 
s 
Corn.---A Query. 
Late last fall a friend found a peculiar ear of corn 
growing in his garden. Hehad planted ordinary sugar 
corn and was much surprised to find an ear each grain of 
-which had a distinct shuck, besides the ordinary shuck 
on the outside. The earis of average size, although the 
cob is rather small. Similar corn had been exhibited at 
the county fair a few years before. Is this corn going 
back to some earlier form? E. M. DANGLADE. 
Vevay, Ind. 
Rope of Maggots. 
PROFESSOR WILLISTON, in-his note, ‘‘An Explanation 
of the Rope of Maggots,” remarks that the phenomenon 
has been but seldom observed in America, whlch leads 
me to give a couple of observations of my own, in 
Indiana: Onthe Campus of Purdue University is a hedge 
of Norway spruce, along one side of which is a drive, and 
on the other a walk of gravel and cinders, both raised 
somewhat above the level of the ground. On July ro, 
1888, following a rainfall of 3 inches, vast numbers of 
these larve formed ‘‘ropes”’ covering a width of from 
one half to two inches, marching out from the hedge and 
following along. the walk for a considerable distance, 
when they would return again to the hedge, crawling in 
ard about the latter with seemingly no especial object in 
view, though it was here that the maximum in width of 
column of march was reached. ‘There were several 
separate ‘‘ armies,” each following an independent wind- 
ing course, but separated from each other by short 
distances. A considerable number were placed in a 
breeding jar on grassy sod, where they again took up 
SCIENCE. 
109 
their line of march, forming a ring around the outer edge 
of the grassy disc. ‘They continued to crawl around and 
around this edge for some time, forming a ‘‘rope” the 
size of one’s finger. 
On July 15, 1889, the day following a rainfall of 1.22 
inches, I again witnessed a precisely similar phenomenon 
and in the exact locality on the walk where it had taken 
place the previous year. ‘This appeared to me to indicate 
a tendency to local, permanent breeding places, the larvee 
subsisting on decaying vegetation and in this case the 
foliage of the spruce. It would also appear that these 
larve had in each case been driven out of their quarters by 
the water collecting therein. F. M. Wessrer. 
Wooster, Ohio. 
BOOK REVIEWS. 
Pain, Pleasure 
MARSHALL. 
and isthetics. By Hinry RuvGers 
New York, Macmillan & Co. $3. 
THE object of this work is to present a theory of pain 
and pleasure, and from that as a basis to develop a 
philosophy of art. The author has evidently given a 
great deal of time and thought to his subject, and has 
made a careful study of the views of others, as well as of 
the psychological principles involved. Mr. Marshall 
begins his discussion by remarking on the difficulty of 
finding a word to designate both pleasure and pain, the 
word feeling, which some writers use, being, in his 
opinion, too varying and ambiguous in meaning, while 
sensation and emotion are not only ambiguous but much 
too narrow; hence he uses the compound word //easwre- 
pun as the only available term to cover the two kinds of 
phenomena in question while excluding everything else. 
He then proceeds to inquire what pleasures and pains in 
their nature are and how they are related to the other 
phases of consciousness. The common theory is that the 
states of consciousness that we call feelings, or pleasures 
and pains, are a distinct class of mental phenomena co- 
ordinate with thought and action yet inseparably con- 
nected with them. Mr. Marshall believes this to be an 
error, and maintains that they are gwadities of the other 
states of consciousness, or, in his own words, ‘‘ Pleasure- 
pain modes are gua/es of all mental states: qualities, one 
of which must, and any of which may, belong to any 
element of consciousness” (p. 45). This theory he 
supports with many arguments, accompanied by criticisms 
of other views, and then enters on an elaborate discussion 
of the physical basis of pleasure and pain, to which we 
can only refer our readers, as it is much too difficult and 
detailed to be analyzed here. We find ourselves, however, 
unable to accept his theory of what pleasure and pain are, 
notwithstanding the considerations urged in its favor. 
That some feeling of pleasure or pain accompanies every 
mental state, whether thought, sensation, volition or any 
other, is undoubtedly true; but we cannot bring ourselves 
to regard the pleasure or pain as a quality of the given 
state. A pleasure generally accompanies a new thought; 
but the pleasure seems to be a distinct phase of conscious- 
ness rather than a quality of the thought itself. Nor can 
we regard the feeling of compunction which often attends 
the doing of a wrongful act as a quality of the act or of 
the moral judgment that reason passes upon the act. But 
the subject of the feelings is so difficult that the argu- 
ments of an intelligent thinker can hardly fail to be 
useful, whether one agrees with his views or not. 
Mr. Marshall’s theory of pain and pleasure, however, is 
only a part of the doctrine set forth in this book; he 
bases on it a theory of beauty and of the aims and motives 
of art. ‘‘The art impulse,” he thinks, ‘‘is a blind 
impulse which leads men to create with little or no notion 
ce 
