^lesibent : 



SIR RALPH PAYNE-GALLWEY, Bait., M.B.O.U., Thirkleby Park, Thirsk. 



Wm. Denison Roebuck, F.L. S., Sunny Bank, Leeds. 

 Wm. Eagle Clarke, F.L.S., i8, Claremont Road, Headingley, Leeds. 



THE SIXTY-EiaHTH MBBTIlSra 



WILL BE HELD AT 



For the investigation of the Howgill Fells, Cautley Spout, the Crook 

 of Lune, and the Valley of the Rawthey, 



On Bank-Holiday Monday, Aug. 1, 1887. 



The Kendal Natural History Society having accepted the Union's invita- 

 tion to co-operate in this excursion, -will be represented by several of 

 its Members. 



Railway Arrangements. 



Through return tickets at pleasure party fares will be issued at all Yorkshire 

 stations on the G.N., H. & B., L. & Y,, L. & N. W., M. S. & L., Mid., and N. E. 

 Railways, which have booking arrangements forSedbergh, to Members and Associates 

 of the Y.N. U., on production of their signed card of Membership. 



Members and Associates starting from stations which have not through book- 

 ing arrangements, should book to the most convenient junction, and re-book to their 

 destination ; the reduction of fate will be granted for both portions of the journey. 



Routes. 



Parties will leave Sedbergh Railway Station at 9-17 a.m., as follows : 



I. Rawtheydale, Cautley Spout, eastern slopes of the Howgill Fells, 



and back. — Eight miles. 



II. Crook of Lune, western slopes of Howgill Fells, and back. — 



Seven miles. 



III. Geological only. — Via Millthrop, the Riggs, and over Helm 



Knott, and back. — Seven miles. 



Geology and Physical Geography. 



Mr. J. W. Davis, F.S.A., of Halifax, writes : — The district round 

 Sedbergh is occupied by a series of high mountains composed of 

 Silurian Sandstones, Shales, Slates and Limestones. A triangular area 

 of Old Red Sandstone Conglomerate extends eastwards from the town, 

 and is exposed in the bed of the river Rawthey about a mile east- 

 wards, where the road crosses the river, resting on the edges of the 

 Coniston Grits. The Silurian Grits differ little in character through 

 their vast thickness, and cause scarcely any variation in the physical 

 characters of the district. They are usually much contorted, and give 

 rise to rounded mountain-land. The position of the great valleys by 



