^2 BAKERS NORTH YORKSHIRE. 



breadth, the outer edge of which reaches as far west as the Cod 

 Beck at Thirsk and the Swale at Topcliffe. In the Vale of 

 Mowbray the Ironstone and Marlstone band is just traceable 

 and the Upper Shale is best seen in Cotcliffe wood and on the 

 banks of the stream below Osmotherley. A narrow band of 

 Liassic beds still continues through the low country from Top- 

 cliffe in the direction of Easingwold and Sheriff Hutton. At 

 Brandsby, 19 miles south of the point of its maximum eleva- 

 tion, the surface of the Lias is 280 feet above the sea-level, 

 which gives an average declination in this direction of about 

 50 feet per mile. From this point it forms the lower part of 

 the slope of the Howardian hills towards the south as far east 

 as the Derwent. 



(14) The Lower Oolite Series. The beds of the Lower 

 Oolite, as shewn in the coast sections, are as follows, beginning 

 with the uppermost, viz. : — 



7. Cornbrash, a thin, fissile, partially oolitic limestone, 5 to 

 10 feet in thickness, remarkably filled with fossils, 



6. Upper Estuarine Series, up to 220 feet in thickness, 

 consisting of irregular beds of thick sandstone, with layers of 

 shale and bands of ironstone nodules inter-stratified amongst 

 them, and enclosing also one or two thin coal seams. It may 

 represent the Great Oolite, or any of the beds as far down as 

 Ammonites parkinsoni* 



5. Scarborough or Grey Limestone, 3 to 100 feet thick, much 

 intermixed with clays, sand and ironstone. 



4. Middle Estuarine Series, 30 to 100 feet thick; shales and 

 sandstones ; many plant remains, iron, thin coals (including the 

 main Moorland coals of Grimston, up to 18 inches thick), and 

 impure jet. 



3. Millepore Series, 8 to 30 feet, an impure limestone to ferru- 

 ginous grit. The f^//a/^//Z/w^5/(?;7<? of the Howardian district. 



* The relationship of the North Yorkshire Oolites to those elsewhere in 

 England is well indicated by a diagrammatic section at p. 286 ofWood ward's 

 Geology of England and Wales, second edition, 1887. 



