GEOLOGY. 33 



2. Loiver Estuarine Series, with ' EUer Beck Bed ' (marine) 

 at top, loo to 280 feet of shales, sandstones, two thin impure 

 coal seams, with plant remains. 



I. Dogger Series, from 10 to 70 feet in thickness, consisting 

 of irregularly developed subcalcareous sandstones, much mixed 

 with iron, with bands of shells and plants. This bed in some 

 places passes by a gradual transition into the Upper Lias Shale 

 beneath it. 



The Cornbrash is first seen to emerge from beneath the strata 

 of the Middle Oolite between Filey and Scarborough. In 

 Gristhorp cliff, which attains 295 feet above high water mark, 

 we have the Cornbrash and 50 feet of the upper sandstones. 

 The strata rise towards the north and in the lower beds of 

 sandstone here many fossil plants have been found.* In an 

 island opposite Redcliff" the third or calcareous bed is just seen 

 at low water, but by a fault on the north side of it the beds are 

 depressed about 140 feet and by a landslip in Cayton Bay the 

 strata of this series are hidden altogether. 



Immediately beyond the bay we have the Upper Estuarine 

 Series again rising towards the north, and at Ewe Nab the 

 calcareous bed rises above high water mark, to disappear in the 

 cliffs round Carnelian Bay but to re-appear at the White Nab. 

 From this point to Scarborough the Upper Estuarines form the 

 great mass of the cliff, capped in one place by the Cornbrash, 

 and the lowest stratum of the Middle Oolite, whilst a consider- 

 able surface of the calcareous bed is exposed at low water. At 

 the Castle Hill the beds of this series are altogether depressed 



* Professor Williamson refers these plant-bearing beds to the Scarborough or Grey 

 Limestone, of which he gives the following sections, viz. : — 



South end of Cayton Bay. 



feet 



Cloughton Wyke and the White Nab. 



feet 



Layers of nodular ironstone and argil- 

 laceous oolite "• 



Clay I 



Nodular iron (the megalosaurus seam) 



% to I 



Hard blue clay, often much tinged with 

 iron 



Hard blue fine grained oolite some- , 

 times ironshot 



Hard blue limestone 14 to 20 



Bot. Trans. Y.N. U., Vol. 3. 



Soft beds of argillaceous oolite 3 



Sandstone and carbonaceous shales . . 9 



Sandstone i 



Tenacious blue shale, the lower part 



carbonaceous (the plant bed)... ^ 



Impure coal 5 



Alternating sandstones, ironstones and 



shales ^^ 



Irony nodules i 



Hard granular bed, much ironshot . . 8 



