2 T. V. HODGSON. 
most part rectangular, massed so thickly together that it was not deemed desirable 
to force the ship through them, so the voyage was continued to the eastward. 
Returning on February 7, the ‘Discovery’ found the Sound full of loose ice on the 
eastern side, but the western side was clear. New Harbour was examined and also 
the “rough” surface of the old or permanent ice further to the southward. Then, 
crossing the Sound, the ship arrived at the site of our future Winter Quarters on the 
8th of February, anchoring just north of Hut Point in what is now called Arrival 
Bay. Winter Harbour, to the south of Hut Point, was then full of ice, but the 
position of the ship not being considered satisfactory, she was taken into it, and for 
a few days lay alongside the ice face with only just enough room for her length. 
At that time open water existed for some eight or nine miles to the westward of Hut 
Point, but only for a few hundred yards to the southward. During the next few 
days the ice went out in instalments, and on the 17th of February the harbour was 
quite clear. 
Cape Armitage lies a mile to the 8.8.E. of Hut Point, and may be said to form the 
southern boundary of the harbour. After the ice went out, open water extended for a 
distance of about four miles to the south, and for about a mile and a half to the 
eastward round Cape Armitage. ‘This, we afterwards learnt, might be taken as the 
approximate boundary between the fluctuating sea ice and the permanent or barrier 
ice which had forced its way into the Sound from the southward, as already stated. 
In proof of this it may be mentioned that on February 12th several diminutive bergs 
of very irregular shape passed the mouth of the harbour on their way northward ; these 
were obviously fragments from the barrier ice, and in later days, when sledging 
expeditions were undertaken, it was found that the difference in level between the 
barrier and sea ice was from two to ten feet, the difference increasing from east to 
west, but not with any regularity. There cannot be the slightest doubt that the whole 
of the ice, with the exception of the bergs already alluded to, that went out of the 
Sound in the early part of 1902, was ‘“ one-year ice,” a fact proved by the condition of 
the drifts against the shore, and the complete absence of pressure ridges at Pram Point. 
We were not frozen in till near the end of March, and during the six weeks that we 
were waiting for that event some shallow water dredging and trawling took place when- 
ever a boat was available. Winter Harbour was a small bay about half a mile wide 
across the mouth, and about a quarter of a mile deep. It lay at the extremity of a 
spur from Mount Erebus termed the Ridgway, but this name is not an official one. This 
spur was some ten miles long, and from one to three miles across ; at Winter Harbour 
it was about a couple of miles wide. Within a radius of three miles round Hut Point 
lay the scene of our more active operations, the whole of the western side of the Sound 
being closed by reason of the ice conditions, the distance from Winter Quarters, or both 
combined. The following report therefore refers more particularly to the eastern side, 
which became fairly accurately known. One prominent feature of the Sound was the 
so-called “ Glacier Snout,” an undulating tongue of ice connected with the Ridgway 
