20 APIACE^. 



Africun pL 1S3S,) a similar augmentation has no doubt taken place, from 

 later discoveries, in other parts of the world. 



Though, according to structure, this is one of the most natural orders, 

 yet we find its properties very different. Some species abound in resina 

 containing a large quantity of an essential aromatic oil, and, therefore, act 

 more or less as aromatics and stimulants, f. ex. the fruits of Pimpinella 

 Anisum, (Anise,) P. magna, P. Saxifraga, Carum Carvi, (Caraway,) Anethum 

 graveolens, (Dill,) Fseniculum vulgare, (Fennel.) F. Panmori, Cuminum 

 Cyminum, (Cumin,) Coriandrum sativum, (Coriander,) &c. The leaves of 

 Petroselinum sativum, (Parsley,) Apium graveolens, (Celery,) Anthriscus 

 Cerefolium, (ChervU,) &c ; the roots of Celery, Meum athamanticum, Pas- 

 tinaca sativa, (Parsnip,) Archangelica officinalis, (Garden Angelica,) Im- 

 peratoria Ostruthium, (Masterwort,) Crithmum maritimum, (Samphire,) 

 Levisticum officinale, Sium Sisarum, &c. — as well as the root of Daucus 

 Carota, (Carrot,) Arracacha esculenta, Oenanthe pimpinello'ides, Carum Bul- 

 bocastanum, ChserophyUum tuberosum, Eryngium campestre and aquati- 

 cum, &c. are especially, when cultivated, wholesome articles of food, while 

 the leaves of Prangos pabularis yield abundant fodder for cattle. 



Other umbelliferas, in which the abounding essential oil and mucilage 

 change, the former to resin, the latter to gum, yield from wounds in the 

 stem, or from the top of the root, dense juices well known under the name 

 of fetid gum-resins, and some of them medicinally invaluable, f. ex. Gal- 

 banum officinale, D. Don ; Opoponax Chironium, Koch ; Ferula Asafsetida 

 L ; F. persica, Willd. ; Dorema Ammoniacum, D. Don, &c. — Others, lastly, 

 in which a bitterish principle without aroma predominates, are generally 

 speaking, suspicious, and offer in a high degree narcotically poisonous, f. 

 ex. Oenanthe crocata, L. ; O. Phellandrium, Lam. ; Conium maculatum, L. ; 

 (Common Hemlock), iEthusaCynapium, L. (Fool's Parsley) ; Cicuta vicosa, 

 L. (Water Hemlock) ; &c,. Of the Indian species of this order none has 

 lieen found poisonous. 

 HYnRocoTYLE, Toum. {DC. pr. 4, p. 59. W. and A.pr. \,p. 366.) 



1. asiatica, L. (DC. pr. 4, p. 54; — W. and A. pr. I. c. ; — Roxh. fl. 

 ind. 2, p. 88;— J. Qrah. Cat. B.pl.p. M.—Rheed, 10, t. 46.) «r?I^ 

 Thulkooree. ^.v*^- Asia, Africa, America. — Fl. small, purplish red, R. 

 and CS.— fr. C. S. 



2. rotundifolia, Roxb. (/. ind. 2, p. 88 ^—DC. pr. 4, p. 64.) 2/.^ 

 Silhet. In H. C. G. ; fl. R. S. ; fr. C. S. 



AsTRANTiA, Tourn. (DC. j)r. 4, p. 86.) 



1. helleborifolia, Salisb. (DC. o. c.p. 87. — A. maxima. Pall. — B. M. 38. 

 /. 1553.) '4. Caucasus, Fl. largish, pale rose-coloured, C. S. 

 Apium, Hoffm. (DC. pr. 4, p. 100; — W. and A.pr. I, p. 367.) Celery. 

 1. graveolens, L. (DC. o. c. p. 101. — W. and A. I. c. ; — Roxb. H. B. p. 

 22 ,—J. Grah. Cat. B. pi. p. 84 ,—E. B. 17. t. 1210.) Common Celery, 

 cf- Whole of Europe down to Caucasus. Falkland-Islands. Cultivated 

 in India. Fl. small, greenish- white, Feb. ; fr. March and April. 



