270 



SCIENCE 



[N. S Vol. XLII. Ko. 1078 



men from Canada. Only two otlier institu- 

 tions, Clark and Chicago, attracted two men 

 •each. This Canadian influence is lost, how- 

 •ever, in the 1910 group, which contains only 

 one individual born in Canada. 



In connection with the group of 37 foreign 

 horn, it is of interest that nearly one half re- 

 ceived part or all of their education in the 

 United States, thus five received the Ph.D., 

 eight the M.D., and four the bachelor, and 

 later degrees from American schools. On the 

 other hand, twenty appear to have finished 

 their professional education in other countries. 

 On the basis of this analysis it would appear, 

 therefore, that only 8.4 per cent, of the entire 

 medical group of 238 individuals represents 

 entirely foreign educational influences. 



It is of interest that the distribution by 

 Foirth in this country of the medical group is 

 ;in general in proportion to Cattell's figures 

 vfor the larger group of one thousand men of 

 '.science. This is shown in the following table 

 sua which only those states are given which 

 have 20 or more men in the 1,000 list. 



TABLE V 



Nativity: Comparison of 1,000 with Medical Group 



CatteU's 1,000. 

 Medical 238... 



75 66 42 40 35 29 28 28 27 26 20 

 15!l9 6il0 9 6 7 7 610| 4 



Table VI. gives the age by decades of the 

 individuals composing the various subdivi- 

 sions of the medical group, as prepared from 

 the 1903 list. To this is added the analysis, 

 by age only, of members of the 1910 group. 

 This table presents several points of interest. 

 In each list the decade represented by the 

 largest number of individuals is the fourth; 

 in the 1910 list, the majority of all names falls 

 in this decade, while in the 1903 list it is 

 shared by the fourth and the fifth decades. 

 As, however, we have no lists before 1903, for 

 comparison it is impossible to say how many 

 of the men in the fifth decade, in 1903, might 

 Jhave been starred in a list prepared in 1893, 



when they were between 30 and 40. All evi- 

 dence points to the fourth decade as the period 

 when the majority of men in the medical sci- 

 ences reach an unusual degree of prominence. 

 From the 1910 list it is certain that the chance 

 for prominence diminishes rapidly after the 

 40th year. This may not be true in clinical 

 medicine, for, as shown in the 1903 list, the 

 largest number appear in the fifth and seventh 

 decades. The various laboratory specialties 

 show little diflierence except in the case of 

 anatomy and pathology, each of which has an 

 unusual proportion of individuals reaching 

 prominence in the fourth decade. In these two 

 branches half the total number in each group 

 fall in the fourth decade. The probable ex- 

 planation lies in the changes in medical edu- 

 cation which began in the early nineties. 

 Until that time pathology was in most schools 

 taught by a clinician and the teaching of 

 anatomy was frequently relegated to a sur- 

 geon. The divorcing of anatomy and pathol- 

 ogy from medicine and surgery and the in- 

 crease of laboratory teaching in these two sub- 

 jects opened many opportunities for scientific 

 work, previously closed. These changes, in all 

 probability, explain the large number of promi- 

 nent men in these two fields who in 1903 fell 

 in the fourth decade. 



Anatomy 



Physiology 



Chemistry 



Pathology 



Bacteriology and hygiene . 



Pharmacology, therapeu- 

 tics 



Medicine 



Surgery, neurology, psy- 

 chiatry ,pediatrics^^^^^ 



Totals 



1910 list— totals 



Combined totals 



In the 1903 list of 179 names, 4 women find 

 a place, three representing anatomy and one 



