August 27, 1915]- 



SCIENCE 



271 



hygiene; in the 1910 list, three are added, two 

 representing anatomy and one bacteriology 

 and chemistry; a total of 7 or almost 3 per 

 cent, of the combined lists. 



EDUCATION AS REPRESENTED BY DEGREES 



In connection with Table VII., which pre- 

 sents the educational qualifications of the 

 members of the medical group, as shown by 

 their degrees, a few words of explanation are 

 necessary. Honorary degrees are not included. 

 M.B. is given the same value as M.D. The 

 omissions tabulated under " insufficient data " 

 refer to an anatomist who is described merely 

 as a "licentiate," one chemist with the single 

 degree of E.M.; and to a third individual 

 whose record gives no information concerning 

 degrees. Otherwise degrees are accurately 

 given, except that the chemist with bachelor's 

 degree only should be credited also with a de- 

 gree in pharmacy (Ph.G.). In the column 

 headed " M.D. only " the figures in brackets 

 refer to the number in this class who took 

 some academic work but did not receive the 

 bachelor's degree. 



1910 list with the degree M.D. only, 8.5 per 

 cent, as compared with 24.5 per cent, in the 

 1903 list. That this is not due to a larger 

 number of men with the Ph.D. degree only, is 

 shown by the fact that in the two lists the per- 

 centage of individuals'' with the latter degree 

 only, is practically the same, 26.2 per cent, for 

 1903 and 25.4 per cent, for 1910. On the other 

 hand, the number of individuals with M.D. 

 degree equals 68 per cent, in the 1903 lists and 

 71 per cent, in the 1910 list, again practically 

 no change. The conclusion is unavoidable that 

 about two thirds of the prominent men in each 

 list were developed through the training 

 represented by the M.D. degree and about 

 one quarter through that represented by 

 the Ph.D. degree, but that in the period 

 represented by the 1910 list, there was 

 a greater tendency on the part of the M.D. 

 group to anticipate the present educational 

 prerequisite in medicine — a coUegiate educa- 

 tion. In the 1903 list individuals with the 

 bachelor's or master's degree antedating their 

 M.D. degree constitute only 34 per cent, of 

 the total; in 1910 this percentage increased to 

 51. On the other hand, it is worthy of note 



TABLE Vri 



Education as Represented iy Degrees — 238 individuals 



The figures for the 1910 list are given at the 

 bottom of the table without division into sci- 

 entific groups. 



The figures presented in Table VII. bring 

 out some interesting facts. The most striking 

 of these is the small number of men in the 



that in the entire list of 238 individuals only 9 

 achieved distinction on the basis of the bach- 

 elor's or master's degree or the degree Sc.D. 



^ In this calculation individuals with both M.D. 

 and Ph.D. degrees (13 in 1903 and 6 in 1910) are 

 classed in the M.D. group, as is also one individ- 

 ual with SoD. and D.V.M. degrees. 



